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Anatomy of the head, neck and spine > Biting Chewing and Swallowing > Flashcards

Biting Chewing and Swallowing Flashcards

1
Q

3 subdivisions of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

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2
Q

2 types of muscle in the pharyngeal wall

A

3 Constrictor muscles - superior middle and inferior

2 Longitudinal muscles

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3
Q

Constrictor muscle contraction causes

Innervation of the constrictor muscles

A

Causes narrowing of the pharyngeal cavity - contract sequentially to move the bolus of food down the oesophagus

Nerve supply: pharyngeal branch of the vague nerve

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4
Q

Contraction of the longitudinal muscles causes

A

elevation of the pharyngeal wall up and over the bolus of food in swallowing

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5
Q

Muscles of the tongue are divided into

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles

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6
Q

Tongue forms part of the ….. in ….

A

part of the floor in the oral cavity

part of anterior wall of the oropharynx

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7
Q

Innervation of the tongue

A

All are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve except palatoglossus - innervated by the vagus nerve

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8
Q

Intrinsic muscles originate and insert….

Involved in

A

Within the substance of the tongue

Involved in altering the shape of the tongue

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9
Q

Name the extrinsic muscles

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

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10
Q

Actions: genioglossus

A

Protrude and depresses tongue

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11
Q

Actions: Hyoglossus

A

Depresses tongue

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12
Q

Actions: Styloglossus

A

Elevates and retracts tongue

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13
Q

Actions: Palatoglossus

A

Depresses palate and elevates back of the tongue

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14
Q

Anterior 2/3 of tongue innervation: sensation and taste

A

sensation: Mandibular division of the trigeminal
Taste: Facial

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15
Q

Posterior 1/3 of tongue innervation: sensation and taste

A

Sensation and taste: Glossopharyngeal

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16
Q

Swallowing steps

A

1) Lift and retract the tongue (styloglossus and intrinsic muscles
2) Move bolus into the oropharynx (palatoglossus)
3) Close off nasopharynx by raising the soft palate
4) Raise larynx and close off using the epiglottis
5) Peristaltic wave of constrictor muscles
6) Relax cricopharynxgeus and open oesophagus

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17
Q

3 salivary glands

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

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18
Q

Borders of the parotid gland

A

Extends anteriorly over the master

Inferiorly over the posterior belly of the digastric

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19
Q

Parotid duct: where it enters the mouth

A

Penetrates the buccinator and opens into the oral cavity adjacent to the crown of the 2nd molar

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20
Q

Parotid: secretion

A

Serous

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21
Q

Parotid: what it encloses

A

External carotid artery, retromandibular vein, extra cranial part of the facial nerve

22
Q

Parotid: Innervation

A

Glossopharyngeal

23
Q

Submandibular gland: where it opens

A

Opens out either side of the frenulum of the tongue

24
Q

Submandibular gland: secretions

A

Serous

25
Q

Submandibular gland: innervation

A

Facial nerve

26
Q

Sublingual salivary ducts: positions

A

Along the submandibular duct into which some open

27
Q

Sublingual salivary ducts: secretions

A

Mucous

28
Q

Sublingual salivary ducts: innervation

A

Facial nerve

29
Q

Muscles: elevation of the mandible

A

Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid

30
Q

Muscles: depression of the mandible

A

Digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid

31
Q

Muscles: protrusion of the mandible

A

Lateral pterygoid assisted by the medial pterygoid

32
Q

Muscles: retraction of the mandible

A

Posterior fibres of the temporals, deep part of masseter, geniohyoid, digastric

33
Q

Muscles of mastication

A

Masseter - elevates mandible
Temporalis - elevates and retracts mandible
Medial pterygoid - elevates, protracts and lateral movement of the mandible
Lateral pterygoid - depresses and protracts mandible to open mouth

34
Q

Describe the tempero-mandibular joint

A

2 synovial cavities joined by a fibrocartliagenous disc

35
Q

What do the lower and upper parts of the tempero-mandibular joint do

A

Lower joint cavity - depression and elevation of the mandible
Upper joint cavity - protrusion of the mandible

36
Q

Actions involved in opening and closing the mouth

A

Opening - depressing and protruding the mandible

Closing - elevating and retracting the mandible

37
Q

Side to side movements of the mandible are enabled by

A

Contralateral heads rotating on the inferior surface of the articular disc.

38
Q

Identify major branches of the sternal carotid artery

A 
Superior thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior articular
Maxillary
Superficial temporal
39
Q

The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve exits the skull via…

A

foramen ovale

40
Q

The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve divides into the

A

Lingual nerve

Inferior alveolar nerve

41
Q

Lingual nerve joins with

A

Facial nerve’s chords tympani

42
Q

Which nerve is more anterior, lingual or inferior alveolar

A

Lingual

43
Q

Lingual nerve innervates

A

Sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, the floor of the mouth and the lingual gingivae

44
Q

Inferior alveolar nerve passes through… and innervates

A

Mandibular canal

Forms the inferior dental plexus - sends dental branches to all mandibular teeth on its side

45
Q

Path of the parotid duct

A

emerges through the anterior border of the gland, passes the master, turns medially, penetrates the buccinator, and opens into the mouth opposite the second upper molar.

46
Q

Path of the facial nerve

A

Emerges from skull via the stylomastoid foramen in the temporal bone (via the internal acoustic meatus).

The extra cranial part enters the parotid gland (doesn’t innervate it), continues superficially and forms a plexus.

47
Q

Branches of the facial nerve

A

Temporal – to frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
Zygomatic – to orbicularis oculi and upper face
Buccal – to buccinatorm orbicularis oris and mid face
Marginal mandibular – to orbicularis oris and the corner of the mouth
Cervical – to platysma

48
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

a lower motor lesion of the facial nerve – lesion of cell bodies or the nerve itself causing the muscles of the face to sag on the affected side

49
Q

A full set of adult teeth is

In each quadrant of the mouth, there are:

A

32

2 incisors
• 1 canine
• 2 premolars
• 3 molars

50
Q

In a complete deciduous (baby) set there are

A

20

51
Q

The first deciduous come at

complete at

A

6-8 months

20-24 months

52
Q

Permanent adult teeth start at

Complete at

A

6 years

early 20s

Anatomy of the head, neck and spine (7 decks)

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