Bits to Know Flashcards
1
Q
Hepatotoxic Drugs
A
- Statins
- Sodium Valproate
- Methotrexate
- Flucloxacillin
- Carbamazepine
- Sulfasalazine
- Paracetamol
- Doxycycline, Tetracycline, Lymecycline, Oxytet
- Azathioprine, Mercaptopurine
- Isoniazid
- Fluconazole, Itraconazole
2
Q
Nephrotoxic Drugs
A
- NSAIDs
- Bisphosphonates
- Cephalosporins
- Aciclovir
- Ciclosporin
- Gentamicin, Vancomycin
- Trimethoprim
- Tacrolimus, Penacillamine
- Methotrexate
3
Q
Drugs with Anticoagulant Effects
A
- Acenocouramol, Warfarin
- DOACs
- Heparin/LMWH
- Clot Busters - alteplase, streptokinase, urokinase
4
Q
Drugs with Anti-platelet Effects
A
- SSRI/SNRIs - Citalopram, Duloxetine, Escitalopram, Fluoxetine, Venlafaxine, Sertraline, Paroxetine
- NSAIDs - Aspirin, Naproxen, Diclofenac
- Antiplatelets - Clopidogrel, Prasugrel, Dipyridamole
- Omega 3
5
Q
Drugs that cause Thromboembolism
A
- Chemotherapy Drugs - fluorouracil, tamoxifen, methotrexate
- Tranexamic Acid
6
Q
Drugs that cause Bradycardia
A
- Βeta Blockers
- Rate-Limiting CCBs - Verapamil/Diltiazem
- Amiodarone, Digoxin
- Opioids - alfentanil, fentanyl, methadone
- Dementia Drugs - donepezil, galantamine
- Parkinson’s Drugs - rivastigmine, selegiline
7
Q
Drugs that cause FIRST DOSE Hypotension
A
- ACE
- ARBs
- Alpha Blockers
- Tamsulosin (C/I in postural hypotension)
- Nitrates - GTN + Isosorbide
8
Q
Drugs that cause hypotension
A
- ACE, ARBs, Β Blockers, CCBs, Alpha Blockers, Diuretics
- Nitrates
- SGLT2
- Phosphodiesterase - Sildenafil, Avanafil
- Levodopa, Methyldopa
- Antipsychotics (postural hypotension)
- Tamsulosin
- MOA Inhibitors
9
Q
Interactions - Drug Inducers
A
CRAP GPS
- Carbamazepine
- Rifampicin
- Alcohol
- Phenytoin
- Griseofulvin
- Phenobarbitone
- St John’s Wart
10
Q
Interactions - Drug Inhibitors
A
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- Sodium Valproate
- Isoniazid
- Cimetidine
- Ketoconazole
- Fluconazole
- Alcohol + Grapfruite Juice
- Chloramphenicol
- Erythromycin/Clarithromycin
- Sulfonamides
- Ciprofloxacin
- Omeprazole
- Metronidazole
11
Q
Drugs that prolong the QT interval
A
- Amiodarone, Sotalol
- Citalopram, Escitalopram, Venlafaxine
- Clarithromycin, Erythromycin
- Lithium
- Flecainide
- Ondansetron
- Quinine
- Hydroxyzine
- Antipsychotics
- Fluconazole, Voriconazole
- Methadone
- Ranolazine
- Tolterodine
- Sildenafil
12
Q
Drugs with antimuscarinic effects
A
- Inhaled Antimuscarinics (-ium)
- Hydroxyzine
- Hyoscine, Promethazine, Chlorphenamine
- Cyclizine
- Trospium, Oxybutynin, Solifenacin, Tolterodine
- Procyclidine
- Nortriptyline, Amitryptiline
- Baclofen
- Amantadine
13
Q
Drugs with CNS depressant effects
A
- Alcohol
- Opioids
- TCAs
- Benzos
- Z Drugs, Melatonin
- Mirtazapine
- Antipsychotics
- Baclofen
- Cinnarizine, Clorphenamine, Cyclizine
- AEDs - Levetiracetam, Lamotrigine
14
Q
Drugs that cause peripheral neuropathy
A
- Amiodarone
- Disulifram
- Isoniazid
- Metronidazole
- Nitrofurantoin
- Phenytoin
15
Q
Drugs that cause serotonin syndrome
A
- SSRIs, SNRIs, Mirtazapine
- MOA/B Inhibitors - Selegiline, Rasagiline
- Triptans
- Tramadol, Fentanyl, Methadone, Pethidine
- Ondansetron
- Amfetamines
- Lithium
- St John’s Wort
16
Q
Drugs that cause bone marrow suppression
A
- Sulfasalazine
- Azathioprine/Mercaptopurine
- Methotrexate
- Immunoglobulins
- Chemotherapy
- All chemo except bleomycin + vinca
17
Q
Drugs that cause HYPER kalaemia
A
- NSAIDs
- ACE/ARBs
- Trimethoprim
- Tacrolimus
- K Sparing Diuretics
- Ciclosporin
- LMWHs
18
Q
Drugs that cause HYPO kalaemia
A
- Aminophylline/Theophylline
- Diuretics (Furosemide, Indapamide, Thiazides)
- Corticosteroids (Pred, Beclomethasone)
- Β Agonists (Salbutamol, Formoterol)
- Amphotericin B
19
Q
Drugs that cause HYPO natraemia
A
- SSRI/SNRI
- NSAIDs
- All Diuretics
- Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline
- Carbamazepine
- Desmopressin
- Gabapentin
20
Q
Drugs that cause ototoxicity
A
- Vancomycin, Gentamicin
- Furosemide, Bumetanide (LOOPS)
- Chemo - cisplatin, vincristine etc.
21
Q
Drugs that are teratogenic/avoid in pregnancy
A
- Warfarin
- Statins (discontinue 3 months before conceiving, protection during + 1 month after)
- Colchicine
- Exemestane
- Finasteride (to male foetus), Dutasteride
- Sodium Valproate
- Methotrexate - 6 months after
- Mycophenolate - 6 weeks/90 days after for women/men respectively
- Aza/Mercaptopurine
- Tacrolimus, Ciclosporin
- Tretinoins
- Ondansetron 1st Tri = cleft palate
- ALL antihypertensives except Labetalol
- ALL AEDs except lamotrigine + levetiracetam
- Tetracyclines
- Chloramphenicol
- Vitamin A (Retinol)
- Lithium
- Oestrogens/Progestorens
22
Q
Common Infections + Causative Organisms
A
Otitis Media
- Strep pneumonia
Eyes
- Staph aureus
- Neisseria gonorrhoea
- Chlamydia trachmoatis
CAP (Lower Infection)
- Strep pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenza
Upper Resp Infection
- Strep pyogenes
- Haemophilus influenza
Sinusitis
- Strep pneumonia
- Haemophilus influenza
Skin
- Staph aureus
- Strep pyogenes
Gastritis
- H pylori
- C diff
Food Poisoning
- Campylobacter jejune
- Salmonella
- E Coli
UTI
- E Coli
STI
- Chlamydia
- Neisseria gonorrhoea
23
Q
Drugs to Withhold in AKI
A
- ACE/ARBs
- Metformin
- Diuretics
- NSAIDs
- Tramadol, Gabapentin, Pregabalin - renally cleared
- Bisphosphonates, Lithium, Digoxin
24
Q
Key Food/Drink-Drug Interactions
A
- Levothyroxine + Caffeine Drugs
- Cranberry/Pomegranate, Green Veg + Warfarin
- Grapefruit + Amlodipine, Statins
- Bisphosphonates + Ca (Milk/Supplements)
- MAOIs and Tyramine Foods
- Theophylline, Clozapine, Olanzapine + Smoking
- Theophylline + Caffiene
- Ciprofloxacin, Tetracyclines + Dairy products
- Metronidazole + Alcohol
- Lithium + changes to salt
- Ciclosporin + Grapefruit, Pomelo, Purple Grape
- Tacrolimus + Grapefruit, Pomelo + Pomegranate
- Amiodarone + Grapefruit
25
Drugs to be taken WITH/AFTER food
- Rivaroxaban
- Mefloquine/Atovquone
- Iron (should be empty stomach but GI effects)
- Metformin
- NSAIDs
- Steroids
- Allopurinol (N&V)
- Metronidazole
- Nitrofurantoin
- Clarithromycin
- Pivmecillinam
26
Drugs to avoid indigestion/antacid remedies
```
PPIs
Tetracyclines
Quinolones
Bisphosphonates
Levothyroxine
```
- PPIs - affects pH
- Levothyroxine - separate by at least 4 hours
- Doxycycline, Lymecycline - seperate by 2-3 hours
- Bisphosphonates - binds to calcium
- Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin (2 hours before/4 hours after)
- Digoxin - separate by 2 hours
- Fexofenadine - separate by 2 hours
- Gabapentin - separate by 2 hours
- Hydroxychloroquine/
Chloroquine - 4 horus
- Iron - 1 hour before/2 hours after
- Azoles - 2 hours before/1 hour after
27
Drugs most likely to cause Steven Johnson's Syndrome
- Allopurinol
- Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin
- Sulfasalazine
- Gentamicin
- Sulfa Abx
- Oxicam NSAIDs
28
Drugs that cause taste disturbances
- Metformin
- Metronidazole
- Chlorhexidine
- Amoxicillin
- Amiodarone
- Calcitonin
- Carbimazole
- ACE inhibitors
- Clarithromycin
- Zopiclone
- Lithium Salts
- Terbinafine
29
Drugs to be taken ON AN EMPTY STOMACH
- PPIs - take 30 minute before food for pH control
- Flucloxacillin + Pen V
- Levothyroxine
- Bisphosphonates (wait 30 mins after)
- Azithromycin (Caps)
- Tetracycline/Oxytetracycline
30
Drugs to avoid sunlight/exposure
- Doxycycline
- Amiodarone
- Quinolones
- Isotretinoin
- Tacrolimus
- Ciclosporin
31
Drugs that cause dyspepsia
- Alpha Blockers
- Antimuscarinics
- Aspirin/NSAIDs
- Β Blockers
- Bisphosphonates
- CCBs
- Corticosteroids
- Nitrates - Nicorandil
- Theophylline
- TCAs
- Benzos
32
Drugs that cause intracranial hypertension?
- Amiodarone
- Ciclosporin
- Tetracyclines
- Isotretinoin
- Steroids
- COC
33
Drugs that cause gingival hyperplasia
- Ciclosporin
- CCBs
- Phenytoin
