BL01 Topic 1 Flashcards
(45 cards)
Define Health (according to WHO)?
a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Define Wellness (according to WHO)?
an active process of becoming aware of and making choices towards a healthy and fulfilling life
What is a health and wellness program? (and aim)
a set of health promotion and protection strategies implemented at a workplace to encourage a healthy lifestyle and the safety of all employees.
It is based on employee needs and aims to offer a comprehensive health service to all employees
By providing employees these services they improve wellbeing and job satisfaction.
What does burden of disease mean?
It assesses (or is an assessment of) mortality, morbidity, injuries, disabilities and other risk factors specific to a country.
Define Mortality rate
The number of deaths in a particular population over a specific period of time.
Define Morbidity Rate
The frequency or proportion with which a disease appears in a country’s population. (how common a disease is in a country)
What is a Healthcare professional and examples
a person associated with either a specialty or a discipline and qualified and allowed by regulatory bodies to provide healthcare service to a patient.
a healthcare professional can also be a healthcare provider.
examples: medical practitioners and specialists, pharmacists and registered pharmacy support personnel, nurses, dentists, OT’s, optometrists, dietitians etc
What is a Healthcare provider and examples
any individual, institution, or agency that provides health services to healthcare consumers.
not always a healthcare professional, might be an organisation or grouping of people.
examples: hospitals, pharmacies, nursing homes, medical practitioner’s practices, medical aid schemes, NGOs, etc..
What is a multi-disciplinary health team
A team that may consist of several healthcare professionals within the healthcare environment, each with their own specialty. Each team’s members depends on the patient and their needs.
A typical team for a specific patient in a primary healthcare clinic may consist of a medical practitioner, nurse, PAPB and PT.
Who does the PAPB/PT have an interrelationship with in the healthcare system
- The visiting medical practitioner prescribing medicine to be dispensed
- The primary healthcare professional nurse prescribing medicine (within their scope of practice) to be dispensed
- The pharmacist under whose indirect personal supervision they are practicing
- The patient that is prescribed the medication
- in the case of more than one PAPB and or PT there is an interrelationship among themselves as well.
Who pays and provides care in the Beveridge Model?
The government pays through taxes and provides care (owns hospitals, employs doctors).
✅ Free at point of use.
🌍 Used in: UK, Sweden, Spain.
Catchphrase: “Gov does it all.”
How is care funded and delivered in the Bismarck Model?
Funded by employer + employee insurance payments.
🏥 Care is provided by private doctors and hospitals.
✅ Mandatory insurance for all.
🌍 Used in: Germany, France, Japan.
Catchphrase: “Everyone insured, private care.”
What’s unique about the NHI Model?
Government is the only insurer (single-payer).
🏥 Care is given by private providers.
💸 Paid for through taxes.
🌍 Used in: Canada, South Korea, Taiwan.
Catchphrase: “Gov pays, you pick your doc.”
What happens in the Out-of-Pocket Model?
You pay for all care yourself — no help.
💀 If you can’t pay, you may not get care.
⚠️ Common in poorer countries.
Catchphrase: “No money, no care.”
Definition of Prescribed minimum benefits
benefits to ensure that all medical scheme members have access to certain minimum health services regardless of the benefit option they have selected
The aim is to provide people with continuous care to improve their health and well-being and make healthcare more affordable
What principle ensures that standards are applicable across all health care levels and settings?
Universality
Universality applies to both public and private hospitals, tertiary hospitals, primary healthcare facilities, and generalist care settings.
What does the relevance principle focus on in the context of health care standards?
Elements of care critical to the provision of safe, quality health care services in South Africa
This principle ensures that standards are meaningful and applicable to actual health care practices.
What are the two key aspects of the validity and reliability principle in health care standards?
What can be measured objectively and practically during an audit of a health establishment
This principle emphasizes the importance of measurable outcomes in assessing health care quality.
What does the logic principle involve in the arrangement of health care criteria and measures?
Classification into inputs, systems, policies, procedures, processes, outputs, and outcomes
This logical arrangement aids in understanding the flow and effectiveness of health care delivery.
Fill in the blank: The principle of _______ ensures that standards are applicable across diverse health care settings.
Universality
True or False: The relevance principle in health care standards ensures that all criteria are applicable in every health care context.
False
While relevance aims for applicability, certain standards may not be suitable in all contexts.
List the four principles used to develop the National Core Standards.
- Universality
- Relevance
- Validity & reliability
- Logic
What are Patient Rights?
Patients must be treated with respect, privacy, and dignity. They have a right to know what’s happening to them and to be involved in decisions.
Easy memory line: 👉 “Respect the patient. Always.”
What is meant by Patient Safety, Clinical Governance & Clinical Care?
Health workers must provide safe and effective care, using proper procedures and up-to-date medical practices.
Easy memory line: 👉 “Safe hands save lives.”
