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Question 1

when does the army seize charles 1

Answer 1

june 1647

NMA frustrated with parl’s presbytarian agenda abducts charles at hampden court.

highlights the army’s growing radicalism and sets stage for conflict w parliament

Question 2

putney debates

Answer 2

oct-nov 1647
army leaders and levellers debate governance at putney, with radicals pushing for democratic reforms

= exposes deep ideological divides within the parliamentary coalition

Question 3

charles signs the engagement

Answer 3

november 1647
charles escapes to Carisbrooke Castle and allies with the scots via the engagment, promising presbytarianism for their support

leads to the 2nd civil war as charles’ scheming reignites conflict

Question 4

second civil war begins

Answer 4

spring 1648
reopened hostilities, further polarised the nation and justified harsher measures against charles

Question 5

battle of preston

Answer 5

august 1648
Cromwell’s NMA defeats scottish engagers at preston, ending 2nd civil war

Question 6

pride’s purge

Answer 6

dec 1648
pride expels 140 presbytarian MPs, leaving rump parl to govern with radical agenda

=radicalises parl, ensures pro-army, anti-monarchy stance and regicide

Question 7

trial and execution of charles

Answer 7

30 jan 1649
rump tries charles for treason.

Question 8

commonwealth declared

Answer 8

may 1649
monarchy is abolished, commonwealth of england established, republican era though tensions between the army and parliament persist.
cromwell leading council of state,

Question 9

leveller mutiny at burford

Answer 9

may 1649
leveller soldiers demanding democratic reforms mutiny in the NMA

Cromwell crushes revolt and executes leaders
= suppresses radical democratic ideals, reinforces cromwell’s authority and army’s dominance over the commonwealth

Question 10

Cromwell’s irish campaign

Answer 10

starts aug 1649
starts with the Siege of Drogheda in Sept where 3500 royalist and catholic defenders are massacred

= secures ireland for commonwealth

Question 11

battle of dunbar

Answer 11

sept 1650
cromwell defeats scottish army under David Leslie, killing 3000 and capturing 10,000

= weakens scottish resistance, consolidates english control and cromwell military prestige

Question 12

charles 2 coronation in scotland

Answer 12

jan 1651

accepting presbytarian terms to gain scottish support against commonwealth

Question 13

battle of worchester

Answer 13

sept 1651
cromwell annihilates charles’ army, ending 3rd civil war. charles 2 escapes to france.
= ends royalist hopes, solidifies commonwealth

Question 14

rump parl dissolved

Answer 14

april 1653
cromwell uses troops to dissolve parl, declaring it corrupt and unfit to govern
= paves way for cromwell’s assumption of power