rebellion to charles Flashcards
(27 cards)
charles’ scottish privy council abandons Edinburgh
more riots broke out after the St Giles Cathedral - in Glasgow and Edinburgh.
OCT 1637 the privy council abandoned Edinburgh
Scottish Naitonal Covenant
Feb 1638
-manifesto to unite the rebellious and to maintain Presbyterianism as the religion in scotland.
when was first bishops war
1639
charles’ initial response to the covenant
allowed a glasgow general assembly
Nov 1638 they proceeded to annul canon laws and abolish episcopacy
=charles did this to delay them as he was raising an army
when was charles’ army ready for the scottish covenanters
april 1639. he had 15,000 and they were untrained and unruly
how did charles try to diffuse the 1st bishops war
truce of berwick june 1639 - for the disbandment of both armies. this was charles didnt want to have to recall parliament for finance.
=scottish didnt disband their army as they didnt trust charles
when was short parliament
april -may 1640
2nd bishops war
1640
events in the 2nd bishops war
aug 1640 - the scots easily took newcastle to little resistance.
consequences of the 2nd bishops war
the treaty of ripon - october 1640
charles would pay for the scottish army’s living costs while in newcastle (£850 A DAY)
=> humiliated charles and meant he had to call another parliament to finance this
disparity in strength of armies in the bishops war
english 15,000 - trained bands (local militia) who were untrained and didnt trust charles. eg they rioted, committed robberies and murder
scottish: made up of veterans from the 30 years war. had expertise and devotion to the cause.
irish divisions charles
-irish catholics (natives)
-catholic old english
-protestant new english
-presbytarian scots in plantations (land confiscated from the irish to build settlements for the english and scots)
when was wentworth appointed and what
lord deputy of ireland 1632. he was supposed to rule the factions
wentworth initial success
-enhanced the authority of the crown
-allowed the crown to profit more from ireland by increasing customs duties.
irish rebellion
1641 - irish catholics were threatened by the scottish presbytarian and english protestant alliance,
and wentworth was busy in the bishops wars = absence of crown authority
launched a strike againsts protestants in ulster, killing 3000
irish rebellion how many died
1641 killed 3000
hampden case
1637 - gentry man John Hampden was taken to court over his refusal to pay ship tax. narrow majority (7:5) in the crown’s favour.
=charles hoped this would send a message
=> prompted debate over wider constitutional issues and the efficacy of Charles’ rule, Charles’ rule was under strain
william fiennes
opposition to charles
1630 started the Providence Island Company for emigration to the West Indies. Pym was the treasurer
short parliament what happened x6
- may 1640, called to deal with scottish rebellion and to finance
- sense of unity about ending abuses of personal rule but limited organisation
- key figures eg pym +fiennes joined league of scottish covenanters
- charles declared the illegality of ship money in exhange for the grnat of 12 subsidies for bishops’ wars
- instead of discussing pressing matter of Scot, MPs fell to debating grievances since 1629, more concerned with their king than scots with an army on their border
- charles dissolved in may to deprive opponents of a platform
petition of 12 peers - when and what
aug 1640 - the HOL wouldnt offer charles subsidies unless he called another parliament
grievances:
-innovation in religion, increase in popery, ship money, personal rule.
=charles called another parliament = long parliament
laudianism in scotland x5
how charles forced moderates => militant radicals
- laud wants uni, con across three kingdoms, charles upon this advice sought to bring sc kirk under cofe
- 1625 act of revocation (exploited feudal right to take land from scottish elite to support CofE) = united landowners against charles
- 1625 C proclamation commanding observance of articles of perth - further antagonises
- 1633 coronation held after 7 years, high church pomp + ceremony
- 1636 charles intr new canons on how services held, WOUT Assembly of Scottish Kirk. altar moved, ministers wear surplice, improvised prayer banned, new prayer book
wentworth in ireland history
- 1632 lord deputy of ireland to apply thorough
- Ww alienated catholic old english aristocracy by promoting new prots to settle, (planned plantations of Connacht and Leinster) from catholic lands by disputing land titles and confiscation
- further alienated prots by enfocing laud’s anti-puritan reforms and new taxes
- bullied irish parl, fining juries that rules against him
- effective short term as Ww destroyed self-governance, ineffective as sowed discontent
long parliament x3
up to 1640
- called 1640 NOV, expected to reach settlement with king AND no prospect of war - of 439 MPs elected, at least 399 were opposed to king’s policies saying PR had overstepped
- 1st session
- puritan rebellion + backlash against laud who was removed from power AND iconoclasm begins
- root and branch petition dec 1640 for end to episcopacy, 15,000 signed. debated feb 1641 but caused divisions over vision and authority of parl
long parl x5
up to 1641, malarky with Ww
- Impeachment of Ww, if failed pym could face treason trial. he revealed and exaggerated army officers were plotting to free Ww from tower of london and to forcibly dissolve parlia
- 1st army plot in may, C sent soldiers to free Ww but overpowered and ToL was defended
- pym switched to a bill of attainder in nov (anyone seen as threat to state was removed w/out trial). after 1st army plot HOL passed it. signed by charles on 12may
- after 1st army plot there were crowds outside whitehall palace, Henr maria was sent away for safety
- = charles less cooperative after this
