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Block 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is psychology?

A

the scientific study of thought, behavior, and actions

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2
Q

what is metacognitive thinking?

A

thinking about thinking - deepend understanding, reflection, not believing everything you think.

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3
Q

what is memory?

A

specific event or process of recollection

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4
Q

what is cognitive psychology?

A

study of how people perceive information

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5
Q

what is behavioral psychology?

A

study of brain functions in learning, emotion, and mental illness

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6
Q

what is biological psych?

A

study of how the relationship between bodily systems and chemicals influences behavior/thought

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7
Q

what is developmental psych?

A

study of how thought/behavior change and remain stable in a life span

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8
Q

what is personality psych?

A

study of what makes people unique and how behavior changes over lifespan

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9
Q

what is social psych?

A

study of how living in groups influences thoughts/feelings/ehaviors

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10
Q

what is cross-cultural psych?

A

how thought/emotion/personality/mental illness/behavior varies across cultures

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11
Q

why study psych?

A

leadership development, curiosity, and learn about life and development

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12
Q

what is indigenous psych?

A

religious medicine, village myths

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13
Q

how did plato contribute to psych?

A

argued that knowledge derives from reflection and entwined with philosophy

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14
Q

how did aristotle contribute to psych?

A

argued that knowledge derives from experience and emotional experiences

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15
Q

how did john locke contribute to psych?

A

argued that empiricism - knowledge derive from observation and experience

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16
Q

what is the scientific method?

A

observe, predict, test, interpret, communicate, and replicate

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17
Q

what is a hypothesis?

A

a specific, informed, and testable prediction of the outcome of a particular set of conditions in research design

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18
Q

what is a null hypothesis?

A

a specific, informed, and testable prediction what will not be the outcome of a particular set of conditions in research design

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19
Q

what are the ethical guidelines of psych?

A

informed consent, respect for persons, benefit for subject, privacy, and justice

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20
Q

what is informed consent?

A

test subjects must understand what they are signing up for and the risks associated

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21
Q

what is deception in psych?

A

IOT prevent placebo effect, subjects do not know the true purpose of the experiment, but are informed afterward

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22
Q

what is experimental research?

A

a research design that attempts to establish causation between a variable and an outcome. the IV is manipulated, the DV is the outcome, and there is random assignment between the experimental and control groups

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23
Q

what is a double-blind procedure?

A

IOT prevent placebo effect, both experimenter and subject do not know the conditions the subject is undergoing

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24
Q

what is random assignment?

A

IOT correctly represent general pop and a variable outside the experiment’s scope from influencing, subjects have an equal chance to be control or experimental subject

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25
what is an independent variable?
the part of the experiment that the experimenter thinks leads to a certain outcome
26
what is a dependent variable?
the outcome of the dependent variable
27
what is correlational study?
investigates relationships between variables of interest without any manipulation, just data gathering. involves passive observation and measurement.
28
what is positive correlation?
both variables move in tandem towards an upward trend
28
what is negative correlation
two variables move in opposite direction
29
what does weak correlation look like?
there are exceptions to the association, scatterplot is spaced out
30
what does a strong correlation look like
there few/no exceptions to the association, scatterplot is tight
31
what is participant observation?
when the researcher immerses themselves in a experimental group
32
what is a case study?
an intensive examination of specific context or person
33
what is a narrative analysis?
a study of stories/personal accounts of a population
34
what is the function of the parietal lobe?
controls pain, pressure, senses, temperature
35
what is the function of the frontal lobe?
logic, reasoning, motor skills and function
36
what is the function of the amygdala?
fight or flight response
37
what is the function of the hippocampus
knowledge production and thinking
38
what is the function of Broca's Area?
speech creation
39
what is the function of Wernicke's Area?
speech processing
40
what is the function of the hypothalamus?
chemicals that create positive emotions and motivation
41
what is the function of the cerebellum
balance and coordination
42
what is a quasi-experimental study?
studying the interaction between an IV and a DV, but you cannot manipulate them because there is no set up scenario. like studying people in a class - you can't move them to different classes IOT manipulate IV because it is the real world.
43
what is a confounding variable?
an internal validity threat to a study where there are other variables outside the scope of the study that impact the DV, making it impossible to draw clear causation between the IV and DV.
44
what is the placebo effect?
an internal validity threat where study subjects incorrectly believe they are impacted by the IV. control groups and deception help counter.
45
what is experimenter expectancy?
an internal validity threat to a study where the experimenter has an opinion about what the outcome of the study ought to be. double-blind helps counter
46
what is a participant demand?
an internal validity threat to a study where a subject who knows the experimenter's intentions can influence how they behave. Experimenter deception helps counter
47
what is social desirability status?
an internal validity threat to a study where subjects may behave or answer questions in a manner that may be viewed more favorably, hence reacting to an IV in a inauthentic manner
48
what is sampling bias?
an external validity threat where the population that subjects come from has a bias towards one side of the experiment.
49
what is the false consensus effect?
the belief that your views reflect the views of others
50
what is the halo effect?
when your initial impression of someone influences your overall opinion of them
51
what is optimism bias?
when you overestimate tat good things will happen to you, which causes good things to happen
52
what is confirmation bias
the tendency to listen to information that confirms existing beliefs.
53
what areheuristics?
mental shortcuts
54
what is the availability heuristic?
when you immediately think of examples that are personally available or more vivid to your mind to come to a conclusion. ex: more likely to die in a car or airplane?
55
what is a representative heuristic?
when you think that something is representative of an entire thing, like stereotypes. ex: is a skinny man with glasses reading poetry more likely an ivy league professor or a truck driver?
56
what is social desirability bias?
adopting a belief because the majority of people sipport it
57
what is deductive reasoning?
drawing a specific conclusion based on general beliefs . ex: all humans are alive, obama is alive, obama is a human
58
what is inductive reasoning?
using specific evidence to draw broader conclusions. ie. whenever i get chilled, i catch a cold, so cold weather makes me sick.
59

PL100 (4 decks)

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