Block 2

Question 1

what are the stages of the Piaget Model for Development?

Answer 1

the sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages

Question 2

what is the sensorimotor stage of the Piaget Model for Development?

Answer 2

0-2, developing object permanance, peakaboo

Question 3

what is the pre-operational stage of the Piaget Model for Development?

Answer 3

2-6, still have egocentric attitude, cannot understand other physical point of views

Question 4

what is the concrete operational stage of the Piaget Model for Development?

Answer 4

still learning conversation of mass, logical thinking. mass is not concrete to them

Question 5

what is the formal operational stage of the Piaget Model for Development?

Answer 5

12+, establish critical and logical thinking

Question 6

what is Vygotsky’s theory of proximal development?

Answer 6

development occurs in social settings. a child’s learning potential increases when more developed people help

Question 7

what are the types of parenting?

Answer 7

authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, uninvolved

Question 8

what is authoritative parenting?

Answer 8

big demands and expectations and high acceptance of emotional needs

Question 9

what is authoritarian parenting

Answer 9

big demands and expectations and low acceptance of emotional needs

Question 10

what is permissive parenting

Answer 10

low demands and expectations and high expectance of emotional needs

Question 11

what is uninvolved parenting?

Answer 11

low demands and expectations and low acceptance of emotional needs.

Question 12

what is the impulsive mind stage of Kegan’s Theory of Adaptive Challenges?

Answer 12

babies, focused on fulfilling basic survival needs

Question 13

what is the imperial mind stage of Kegan’s Theory of Adaptive Challenges?

Answer 13

adolescence, egocentric only care about benefits for yourself

Question 14

what is the interpersonal mind stage of Kegan’s Theory of Adaptive Challenges?

Answer 14

young adulthood, team-oriented and

Question 15

what is classical conditioning?

Answer 15

when an innate, physiological response becomes connected to a neutral stimulus.

Question 16

neutral stimulus

Answer 16

a situation or object that on its own does not trigger an unconditioned response

Question 17

what is an unconditioned stimulus?

Answer 17

an object or situation that produced an unconditioned response

Question 18

what is an unconditioned response?

Answer 18

an unlearned, involuntary behavior triggered by an unconditioned stimulus

Question 19

what is a conditioned stimulus?

Answer 19

a previously neutral object or situation that becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus

Question 20

what is a conditioned response?

Answer 20

once the involuntary reaction to the unconditioned stimulus is also triggered by the formerly neutral stimulus.

Question 21

what is stimulus generalization?

Answer 21

when the reaction to a conditioned stimulus extends to a broad array of similar stimuli

Question 22

what is stimulus discrimination?

Answer 22

when only the specific stimulus conditioned triggered a response.

Question 23

what is extinction?

Answer 23

the conditioning to a neutral stimulus wears off if it is not consistently introduced

Question 24

what is sponataneous recovery?

Answer 24

a sudden reappearance of the conditioning to the neutral stimulus occurs in the subject

Question 25

what is higher order conditioning?

Answer 25

when an additional stimuli joins the chain that causes the immune response.

Question 26

what is flooding?

Answer 26

IOT to address phobias, the subject is exposed to a lot of the stimulus that causes the phobic response.

Question 27

what is systematic desensitization?

Answer 27

instead of flooding someone that has a phobia, you gradually expose them to the stimulus that causes their phobia over time

Question 28

what is operant conditioning

Answer 28

the manipulation of the consequences of a certain behavior IOT increase/decrease the frequency of specific behavior

Question 29

what is the law of effect?

Answer 29

states that the consequences of a behavior impact the frequency of that behavior. foundational to operant conditioning

Question 30

what is positive reinforcement?

Answer 30

adding a stimulus IOT increase desired behavior (give a kid candy every time he does his chores)

Question 30

what is positive punishment?

Answer 30

adding a stimulus IOT decrease the frequency of undesirable behavior (giving a kid more chores if he doesn't do them)

Question 30

what is negative reinforcement?

Answer 30

removing a stimulus IOT increase desired behavior (stop giving a kid candy so that he eats more healthy food)

Question 31

what is negative punishment?

Answer 31

removing a stimulus IOT decrease the frequency of undesirable behavior (take privileges away so a cadet focuses on school more)

Question 32

what is observational learning?

Answer 32

when someone's behavior is influenced by others'

Question 33

what are the four processes of observational learning?

Answer 33

attention, retention, reproduction, motivation

Question 34

what is latent learning?

Answer 34

learning that takes place in the absence of reinforcement

Question 35

what is the optimal arousal/yerkes-dodson model?

Answer 35

moderate arousal provides the most effective performance. these moments of perfect arousal, called flow states, allow us to be engaged in whatever we are doing

Question 36

what is the drive reduction model of motivation?

Answer 36

our drives, which are basic physiological needs, require us to constantly seek out homeostasis, or balance, in our lives.

Question 37

what is McClelland and Atkinson's theory of achievement motivation?

Answer 37

motivation comes from each individual's extent to which they want to succeed and their own expectations for how likely they are to succeed

Question 38

what are extrinsic motivations for employees?

Answer 38

consistent and continuous money, promotions, and praise that occur in conditions of social connection with a bar that constantly raises.

Question 39

what are intrinsic motivations for employees?

Answer 39

personal investment in the work you are doing enjoying, feeling challenged, and possessing autonomy to do what you think is best by the work.

Question 40

what is the Commitment and Necessary Effort (CANE) Model?

Answer 40

Goals are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, timely and tangible (SMART)

Question 41

what is the central nervous system?

Answer 41

brain and spinal cord

Question 42

what is the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 42

all other nerve cells in the body excluding the brain and spinal cord, to include the somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Question 43

what are neurons?

Answer 43

nerve cells that receive, integrate, and generate messages within the brain.

Question 44

what are neurotransmitters?

Answer 44

host communication between neurons

Question 45

what is the somatic nervous system

Answer 45

a subdivision of your PNS that sends messages to your skeletal muscles and returns sensory information

Question 46

what is the autonomic nervous system

Answer 46

a subdivision of your peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary