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Molecular Charter > Block 1 > Flashcards

Block 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Conducted an expeiment that identified a “transforming factor” which turned avirulent bacteria into virulent

A

Fredrick Griffith

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2
Q

What type of bond is formed between nuceotides during polymerization of DNA by DNA polymerase?

A

Phosphodiester

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3
Q

DNA-B

DNA helicase

A

Opens helix (breaks H bonds) and binds primase to form primosome protein complex

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4
Q

DNA polymerase I

A

Removes the RNA Primer and replaces it with DNA, fills in the gap (only in prokaryotes!)

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5
Q

How many chromosomes are in a standard human egg?

A

23X

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6
Q

Synthesis of RNA in bacterial cells

A

RNA Polymerase

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7
Q

Promoter region of bacterial genes, transcription

A

Pribnow box

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8
Q

Which RNA molecules is involved in the formation of the spliceosome which is used in eukaryotic RNA processing?

A

Small Nuclear RNA

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9
Q

Non-coding nucleotide sequences

A

Intron

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10
Q

Which protein/enzyme is responsible for adding the poly-A tail to the pre-mRNA in eukaryotic cells?

A

Poly-A-polymerase

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11
Q

What is the name of the enzyme which edits the apo-B mRNA so that a premature stop codon is produced?

A

Cytidine deaminase

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12
Q

Which proteins/factors binds the GU-rich element beyond the cleavage site?

A

Cleavage stimulating factor F (CstF)

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13
Q

Stop Codons

A

UAA, UAG, UGA

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14
Q

Start Codon

A

AUG

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15
Q

DNA Primase

A

synthesizes RNA primer once on the leading strand and continuously on the lagging strand, this provides DNA polymerase III with a free 3’ -OH group

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16
Q

Clamp proteins

A

Loads DNA polymerase III onto single-stranded DNA template, offloads DNA polymerase once it encounters double-stranded DNA. Tightly holds DNA polymerase onto the template for synthesis

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17
Q

DNA polymerase III

A

synthesizes DNA strand (both leading and lagging) using a template and free 3’ -OH group

  • Synthesis of DNA 5’–>3’
  • Proofreading 3’–>5’
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18
Q

DNA ligase

A

Joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand together by creating a phosphodiester bond

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19
Q

Topoisomerase

A

DNA and breaks a phosphodiester bond, cuts to remove supercoils and untangles DNA strands

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20
Q

Telomerase (eukaryotes only)

A

extends the 3’ end of the parent strand so that gaps on the ends of the daughter strand can be filled in

  • synthesizes DNA using an RNA template covalently bound to the protein
  • eukaryotic chromosome gets shorter
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21
Q

DNA-A

Initiator proteins

A

Binds to origin of replication and breaks hydrogen bonds between bases

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22
Q

DNA-C

Helicase inhibitor

A

delivers helicase to DNA template

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23
Q

Single stranded binding protein (ssb)

A

binds to single stranded DNA in the replication bubble and prevents it from re-annealing or forming secondary structure

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24
Q

DNA polymerase II

A

Involved in repairing damaged DNA

-Exonuclease activity (proofreading) 3’–>5’

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25
RNAseH and FEN-1
remove the RNA primer in eukaryotes
26
leading strand
replicates toward the fork
27
lagging strand
replicates away from the fork
28
tRNA
brings AA to the ribosomes during translation
29
U1 and U2 snRNP bind to
5' splice junction and branch point
30
U4/U6 snRNP and 5 snRNP binds to
U1 and U2 to form a loop
31
U4....
dissociates forming the active spliceosome
32
The enzymes and proteins that are responsible for mRNA modification are initially bound to?
RNA polymerase II
33
What describes the linkage between the 7-methyl guanine cap and the first nucleotide of a eukaryote mRNA?
5'-5' triphosphate bridge
34
What binds to AAUAA?
CPSF
35
What bind to the GU rich portion?
CstF
36
What type of editing does cytidine deaminase do?
Converts C to U
37
apo-B is edited by?
Cytidine deaminase
38
How does RNA polymerase II read its substrate during transcription?
It reads the antisense strand in the 3' to 5' direction
39
RNA polymerase I
synthesis of rRNA
40
RNA polymerase II
synthesis of mRNA and some snRNAs
41
RNA polymerase III
synthesis of tRNA and some snRNAs
42
Which RNA encodes the AA sequence of a polypeptide?
mRNA
43
Prokaryote Promotor
Pribnow box
44
What ends bacterial transcription?
hairpin loop
45
In prokaryotes, polymerase is combined with...
Sigma factor
46
What does Rho do?
in prokaryotes during extrinsic termination of transcription, rho protein causes RNA polymerase to dissociate from DNA
47
How many origins of replication are found in the genome of E. coli?
one
48
What is required to first open a region of DNA at the ORI during DNA replication?
initiator proteins
49
Without telomerase what will happen to eukaryotic chromosomes every time they're replicated?
they will get shorter
50
Which direction is DNA read by DNA polymerase?
3'-->5'
51
How does telomerase work?
In eukaryotes only, it extends the 3' end using an RNA template
52
During DNA replication, what prevents re-annealling?
Single stranded binding proteins
53
The nucleosome is made up of?
two molecules of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4
54
Which scientists used bacteriophage as a tool to determine that DNA carries hereditary information?
Hershey and Chase
55
What best describes the nucleosome core?
it is an octamer
56
A-DNA
it is only found in the dehydrated state
57
Avery, MacLeod & McCarty
DNA is the transforming factor
58
Kills protein
Protease
59
RNase
kills RNA
60
DNase
lives
61
Histone core composition?
Octamer: H2A, H3, H2B, H4; 2 molecules of each

Molecular Charter (5 decks)

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