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Sem 3: Nutrition > Block 1: Applied Animal Nutrition, Feedstuffs and Nutrients - Dr. French > Flashcards

Block 1: Applied Animal Nutrition, Feedstuffs and Nutrients - Dr. French Flashcards

1
Q

_________ has no provision for storage and must be provided through diet

A

Proteins + AA’s

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2
Q

___________ must be consumed to replace N loss

A

Dietary protein

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3
Q

How is the biological value of protein determined?

A

By the essential AA content

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4
Q

Processing of proteins ________ the digestibility and quality

A

LOWERS

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5
Q

What non-protein nitrogen is contained in feedstuffs that can distort the crude protein estimate?

A
  1. Ammonia
  2. Urea
  3. Nitrate
  4. Nitrite
  5. Purines
  6. Pyrimidines
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6
Q

_______ is toxic to animals and distorts crude protein estimate

A

MELAMINE

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7
Q

What clinical signs do you expect to see in an animal taking an excess protein diet?

A

Increased fecal odor

*** bc excess protein is a substrate for bacT fermentation

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8
Q

What are AA used for?

A
  1. Tissue protein synthesis
  2. Biosynthetic pathways
  3. Deamination
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9
Q

What is the primary energy source for ruminants?

A

Forage

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10
Q

What is taurine and why is it important?

A

AA

** essential for cats
- present only in free form

IMPT for:
- CNS
-Heart
-Ocular
-Repro

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11
Q

What are supplemental proteins for ruminants?

A
  1. Soybean meal
  2. Blood meal
  3. Feather meal
  4. Fish meal
  5. Dehydrated alfalfa
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12
Q

As body fat increases with the age of the animal, protein accretion _________

A

DECREASES

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13
Q

Young animals have higher _____ requirements than older animals

A

AA

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14
Q

What is the importance of Arginine?

A
  • Key intermediate in urea cycle

** cats sensitive to deficiency

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15
Q

What is the importance of Glutamine/Glutamate?

A
  • Key role in TCA cycle
  • Production of antioxidant glutathione
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16
Q

What are the clinical signs of Calcium deficiency?

A
  1. Milk fever
  2. Lethargy
  3. Weak bo-nes
  4. Poor growth
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17
Q

What can lead to Calcium deficiency?

A
  1. Acid or sandy soils
  2. Grazing rapidly on growing grasses or cereals
  3. High grain supplementation
18
Q

What can lead to Phophorus deficiency?

A
  1. Grazing on low P soils
  2. Grazing on low quality dead grass with LITTLE TO NO LEGUME
19
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with phosphorus deficiency?

A
  1. Slow growth
  2. Decreased appetite
  3. Listlessness
  4. Poor fertility
20
Q

______ is stored in the skeleton and is generally poorly remobilized

A

Magnesium

21
Q

What are the clinical signs of Magnesium deficiency?

A
  1. Muscle spasms
  2. Trembling
  3. Nervousness
  4. GRASS TETANY - death
22
Q

What can cause magnesium deficiency and grass tetany?

A

Grazing on lush pastures with HIGH K+

23
Q

What aids in reducing the likelihood of magnesium deficiency?

A

Adequate fiber, Na+ intake, and energy

24
Q

What macronutrient is important in sheep nutrition as it is needed for wool production?

A

Sulfur

25
Q

What is a result of zinc deficiency in males?

A

Decreased libido

26
Q

Deficiency in sulfur in sheep results in _________

A
  1. Decreased wool production
  2. Lack of crimp
  3. Poor fleece
27
Q

_________ is a micro mineral that plays a key role in carb, protein, and lipid metabolism and improves immune function

A

Chromium

28
Q

_______ is a micro mineral that plays a role as a precursor for synthesis of B12 by rumen microbes

A

Cobalt

29
Q

What causes cobalt deficiency?

A
  1. Coastal soils
  2. Calcium rich soils
  3. Sandy soils
  4. Excess lime/lush pasture growth
30
Q

What clinical signs are seen in cobalt deficiency?

A
  1. Phalaris staggers
  2. Ill thrift
  3. Weepy eyes
  4. Anemia
  5. Infertility
  6. Poor mothering
31
Q

Excess ___________ is the main factor associated with copper deficiency

A

MOLYBDENUM

32
Q

When black hair coat changes to red this is consistent with ___________ deficiency

A

Copper

33
Q

What are examples of nutrients?

A
  1. Water
  2. Carbs
  3. Proteins
  4. Fats/lipids
  5. Minerals
  6. Vitamins
34
Q

How is water quality measured?

A

TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS

35
Q

Water quality can be affected by ___________ (3)

A
  1. Minerals
  2. Nitrates
  3. Bacteria (Ex: E.coli)
36
Q

How can digestible energy be calculated?

A

Gross Energy - fecal energy

37
Q

How can metabolizable energy be calculated?

A

Digestible energy (Gross energy - fecal energy) - urine + methane (gas) energy

38
Q

How can net energy be calculated?

A

Metabolizable energy - heat increment

39
Q

What is the outcome of a high carb intake?

A
  1. High osmotic P
  2. Abd distension
  3. BacT overgrowth
  4. Gas production
40
Q

What type of carbohydrate is used in prebiotics?

A

Oligosaccharides + Lactulose

Sem 3: Nutrition (7 decks)

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