Block 12 Flashcards
(152 cards)
1
Q
Drug to prevent malaria caused by vivax
A
Chloroquine
2
Q
Drug(s) to treat malaria caused by vivax
A
Chloroquine +/-primaquine
- use primaquine if in liver stages
3
Q
Drug to prevent malaria caused by falciparum
A
Mefloquine
4
Q
Drug(s) to treat malaria caused by falciparum
A
Quinine + doxycycline
5
Q
3 protozoal infections treated with metronidazole
A
- giardiasis
- e. Histolytica
- trichomoniasis
6
Q
Drugs to treat protozoal infection: toxoplasmosis
A
Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine
7
Q
drugs to treat nematodes
A
- albendazole and mebendazole
- pyrantel
- ivermectin
8
Q
Nematode MOA: inhibit microtuble synthesis and decrease glucose uptake
A
Albendazole and mebendazole
9
Q
DOC for pinworms
A
Albendazole and mebendazole
10
Q
Nematode MOA: Nm agonist, act like SCh, and cause paralysis
A
Pyrantel
11
Q
Nematode MOA: GABA agonist, hyperpolarization of nerves and muscles
A
Ivermectin
12
Q
DOC for onchocerciasis
A
Ivermectin
13
Q
What is onchocerciasis
A
River blindness
14
Q
Drug for trematodes and cestodes
A
Praziquantel
15
Q
MOA: increase Ca permeability, causing contractions, leading to paralysis of worm
A
Praziquantel
16
Q
Fungal MOA: inhibit squalene epoxidase, which inhibits ergosterol synthesis
A
Terbinafine
17
Q
Does terbinafine treat systemic or superficial fungal infections
A
Superficial
18
Q
Only fungal drug that affects cell wall
A
Fungin’s
19
Q
Fungal MOA: binds to ergosterol and forms pores
A
Ampho B
20
Q
Synergism for fungal infections
A
Ampho B + flucytosine
21
Q
Adverse effects of ampho B
A
- flushing
- bone marrow suppression
- nephrotoxic
22
Q
Fungal MOA: makes 5dUMP which inhibits thymine synthesis (which inhibits DNA synthesis)
A
Flucytosine
23
Q
Fungal MOA: blocks C1,4 a-demethylase which causes lanosterol to accumulate
A
Azoles
24
Q
DOC for candidas and cryptococcus meningitis
A
Fluconazole
25
If pt comes in with serious fungal infection, what is immediately started
Ampho B + flucytosine
26
DOC for aspergillius
Voriconazole
27
Fungal MOA: inhibit B- glucan synthesis
Fungin’s
28
5 drugs for TB
- isoniazid
- rifampin
- pyrazinamide
- ethambutol
- streptomycin
29
Initiation phase Tx of TB
- isoniazid
- rifampin
- pyrazinamide
- ethmbutol
For 2 months
30
Continuation phase of TB Tx
- isoniazid
- rifampin
For 4 months
31
TB drug MOA: target enzyme that assembles mycolic acid
Isoniazid
32
TB drug for prophylaxis
Isoniazid
33
Possible side effect of isoniazid
Peripheral neuritis (Tx with B6)
34
TB drug MOA: inhibit RNA polymerase = inhibit transcription
Rifampin
35
Possible side effect of rifampin
Orange/red secretions
36
Which TB drug is a p450 inducer, decreasing the efficacy of other drugs
Rifampin
37
Which TB drug will cause hyperuricemia in 100% of pts
Pyrazinamide
38
Which TB drug will cause hyperuricemia in 50% of pts
Ethambutol
39
Back up TB drug
Streptomycin
40
Drug for Prophylaxis of MAC
Macrolides
41
4 drug types for Tx of HIV
- protease I
- reverse transcriptase I
- fusion I
- integrate I
42
HIV protease inhibitor
Ritanovir
43
HIV fusion inhibitor
- enfuvirtide
| - maraviroc
44
HIV integrate inhibitor
Raltegravir
45
HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor types
- NRTIs
- NtRTIs
- NNRTIs
46
NRTI drugs
- zidovudine
- lamivudine
- emtricitabine
47
NtRTI drug
Tenofovir
48
NNRTI drug
Efavirenz
49
HIV MOA: inhibit HIV-1 protease; cant produce mature virions
Ritanovir
50
Ritanovir side effects
Central adiposity and insulin resistance
51
HIV MOA: inhibit integrase
Raltegravir
52
HIV MOA: block gp41 = prevent entry
Enfuvirtide
53
HIV MOA: block CCR5 = prevent entry
Maraviroc
54
HIV MOA: need 3 phosphates to become active = stop DNA elongation
NRTIs
55
Which NRTI drug may cause bone marrow suppression
Zidovudine
56
Which 2 NRTIs are the least toxic
Lamivudine
| Emtricitabine
57
HIV MOA: needs 2 phosphates to become active and is often used with an NRTI
Tenofovir (NtRTI)
58
HIV MOA: doesn’t need any phosphates to become active; allosterically binds below the catalytic site to cause inhibition
Efavirenz (NNRTI)
59
Side effect of efavirenz
Vivid dreams
60
All herpes drugs target what
DNA polymerase
61
4 possible drugs for herpes
- acyclovir
- cidofovir
- ganciclovir
- foscarnet
62
Herpes MOA: needs 3 phosphates to become active (2 from us and 1 from the virus)
Acyclovir
63
Herpes MOA: needs 2 phosphates (from us)
Cidofovir
64
Does foscarnet require activation before it can work
No
65
Which herpes drugs are useful in TK- strands
Cidofovir
| Foscarnet
66
Which herpes drugs target CMV retinitis
Ganciclovir
| Foscarnet
67
Possible side effect of ganciclovir
Bone marrow suppression
68
Possible side effects of foscarnet
Nephrotoxicity
| Electrolyte imbalance
69
Drug for the flu
Oseltamivir
70
Block neuraminidases which will inhibit budding
Oseltamivir (flu drug)
71
Possible side effects of oseltamivir
GI, HA, bronchitis
72
Classes of beta lactams
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
73
Cell wall drug/drug classes
```
Beta lactams
- penicillins
- cephalosporins
-carbapenems
Vancomycin
```
74
Antibiotic MOA: bind PBPs, inhibit traspeptidase, inhibit crosslinking, decreasing cell wall integrity
- penicillins
- cephalosporins
- carbapenems
75
Antibiotic MOA: bind at d-ala-d-ala terminal to transglycosylase and prevent elongation of peptidoglycan chains (inhibit wall synthesis)
Vancomycin
76
Which penicillins require the use of a beta lactamase inhibitor
- pen G
- amoxicillin
- anti pseudo (pipercillin)
77
Antibiotic use: MSSA
Antistaph pen (nafcillin)
78
Antibiotic use: pen g
Streptococci, treponema
79
Antibiotic use: antipseudo
Pseudomonas
80
What is clavulanic acid
Beta lactamase inhibitor
81
Penicillin spectrum from narrow to broad
- antistaph
- pen g
- amoxicillin
- antipseudo
82
The broader the penicillin spectrum, which kind of organisms does it kill more of
Gram +
83
What generations of cephalosporins are resistant to B lactamase
4 and 5
84
What generations of cephalosporins are cleaved by B lactamase
1 and 2
85
What generation cephalosporin is cephalexin
1
86
What generation cephalosporin is cefaclor
2
87
What generation cephalosporin are ceftriaxone and cefotaxime
3
88
What generation cephalosporin is cefepime
4
89
What generation cephalosporin is ceftaroline
5
90
Cephalosporin use: surgical prophylaxis
Cephalexin
91
Cephalosporin use: surgical prophylaxis of bacteroides
Cefaclor
92
Cephalosporin use: adult meningitis and gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime
93
Cephalosporin use: hospital aquired infection
Cefepime
94
Cephalosporin use: MRSA
Ceftaroline
95
Class of drug is imipenem
Carbapenem
96
Used for empiric use in sever life threatening infections
Imipenem
97
What is always used with imipenem to inhibit its metabolism into nephrotoxic metabolites
Cilastatin
98
If imipenem is used alone, what can it case
Seizures with renal function
99
Is imipenem narrow or broad spectrum
Very very broad
100
Used mainly in hospital aquired MRSA
Vancomycin
101
Possible side effect of vancomycin
Red man syndrome
| - flushing if given too quickly through IV infusion
102
What type of bacteria does vancomycin kill
Gram +
103
4 protein synthesis inhibitor drugs/drug classes
```
30s
-Tetracyclines
-aminoglycosides
50s
- macrolides
-clindamycin
```
104
PSI used for rickettsia (RMSF) and Borrelia (Lyme disease)
Doxycycline
105
Type of PSI drug: doxycycline
Tetracycline
106
Possible side effect of doxycycline
- affect calcified tissue
| - phototoxicity
107
PSI MOA: block the A site, blocking tRNA docking
Tetracyclines
108
PSI MOA: interfere with initiation complex, misread mRNA, inhibit translocation
Aminoglycosides
109
Type of bacteria that aminoglycosides target
Gram -
110
Type of drug: gentamicin
Aminoglycosides
111
Possible side effects of aminoglycosides
Nephrotoxicity
| Ototoxicity
112
What is used synergistically to target pseudomonas
Pipercillin + gentamicin
113
How are aminoglycosides accumulated inside
Oxygen dependent uptake
114
Examples of macrolides
- erythromycin
- azithromycin
- clarithromycin
115
DOC for chlamydia
Azithromycin
116
PSI MOA: block translocation
- Macrolides
| - clindamycin
117
2 common organisms that macrolides kill
Mycoplasma
| MAC
118
Macrolides stimulate what
Motilin receptors
119
How to organisms create resistance to macrolides
Methylated binding site
120
Great for various causes of community acquired pneumonia
Macrolides
121
Common treatment of diabetic gastropathy is
Erythromycin
122
PSI drug that treats gram + cocci and anaerobes including bacteroides
Clindamycin
123
Side effect of clindamycin
C diff superinfection that may cause pseudomembranous colitis
124
How to treat pseudomembranous colitis
Metronidazole
125
Which antifolate drug targets the 1st enzyme (dihydropteroate synthetase)
Sulfonamides
126
Which antifolate drugs target the 2nd enzyme (dihydrofolate reductase)
Trimethoprim
| Pyrimethamine
127
Antifolate MOA: compete with PABA
Sulfonamides
128
Side effects of sulfonamides
Steven Johnson syndrome
| - crusty, bleeding lips
129
Possible side effect of trimethoprim
Bone marrow suppression
130
Antifolate synergism to prevent tetrahydrofolic acid
TMP-SMX
131
Common uses of TMP-SMX
- uncomplicated UTI
- CA-MRSA
- PCP (penumocystis jiroveci - fungus)
132
Most common opportunistic infection in AIDS
PCP
133
MOA: inhibit topoisomerase 2 (DNA gyrase) = coils tighten and inhibit replication
Quinolones
134
Clinical uses of quinolones
UTIs
| Gram - organisms
135
What generation quinolones are useful in CA-pneumonia
3 and 4
136
1st generation quinolone
Nadidixic acid
137
2 generation quinolone
Ciprofloxacin
138
3 generation quinolone
Levofloxacin
139
4 generation quinolone
Gemifloxacin
140
2 quinolones used in CA-pneumonia
Levofloxacin
| Gemifloxacin
141
Possible side effects of quinolones
- tendon rupture
- dont use in kids or preggo
- dont use with antacids or iron/zinc
142
MOA: converted to free radicals by ferredoxin and binds to DNA
Metronidazole
143
What does metronidazole Tx
- giardiasis
- entamoeba
- trichomonas
- bacteroides
- clostridium
- gardnerells
144
Side effects of metronidazole
- metallic taste
| - disulfiram-like effect with alcohol (hangover like)
145
Drug for: treponema/syphilis
Pen G
146
Drug for: gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone
147
Drug for: chlamydia
Azithromycin
148
Drug for: trichomonas
Metronidazole
149
Drug for: bacterial vaginitis (Gardnerella)
Metronidazole
150
Drug for: Ticks (Lyme or RMSF)
Doxycycline
151
Drug for: UTIs/cystitis/prostatitis
TMP-SMX
152
Drug for: meningitis
Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime
| - dont use ceftriaxone in neonates
