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Anatomy Year 1 > Block 2 > Flashcards

Block 2 Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Are the meatuses superior or inferior to their corresponding conchae?

A

Inferior

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2
Q

What is the posterior aperture of the nasal cavity?

A

Choanae

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3
Q

The auditory tube opens into the nasopharynx at the level of which meatus?

A

Inferior

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4
Q

Where is the spheno-ethmoidal recess located?

A

Between the superior conchae and roof of nasal cavity

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5
Q

Which sinuses drain into the middle meatus?

A

Frontal, ethmoidal and maxillary

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6
Q

Boundary of the laryngopharynx?

A

Epiglottis to cricoid cartilage

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7
Q

What level is the pharyngo-oesophageal junction?

A

C6

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8
Q

Where are the pharyngeal tonsils located?

A

Roof and posterior wall of nasopharynx

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9
Q

Where are the palatine tonsils located?

A

In the tonsillar fossae in between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

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10
Q

What is the laryngeal inlet?

A

The opening of the larynx from the laryngopharynx. Piriform fossae lies lateral to it

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11
Q

Name the 3 unpaired cartilages of the larynx

A

Thyroid
Cricoid
Epiglottis

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12
Q

Rima glottidis?

A

Space between 2 vocal folds

Vocal folds are located inferior to vestibular folds

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13
Q

What happens to rima glottidis during phonation?

A

Closes due to adduction of arytenoid cartilages/vocal folds

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14
Q

Location of thyrohyoid membrane?

A

Between hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

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15
Q

Innervation of thyroid cartilage?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve

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16
Q

What type of cartilage is in the trachea?

A

Hyaline

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17
Q

What level is the tracheal bifurcation?

A

T4/5

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18
Q

Innervation of trachea?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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19
Q

What is the potential space called between the visceral and parietal pleura called?

A

Pleural cavity

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20
Q

The parietal pleura lines the thoracic cage and what else?

A

Diaphragm

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21
Q

Innervation of parietal pleura?

A

Phrenic and intercostal nerves

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22
Q

Autonomic innervation of visceral pleura?

A

Pulmonary plexus

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23
Q

How many lobes in left lung?

A

2 - superior and inferior

Right lung has 3 lobes - superior, middle and inferior

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24
Q

What is the space for the heart called in the left lung?

A

Cardiac notch

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25
Name the fissure that separates the superior and middle lobes in the right lung
Horizontal/transverse fissure
26
Name the fissure that separates the middle and inferior lobes of the right lung
Oblique Oblique fissure also separates the superior and inferior lobes of left lung
27
Which lung has the aortic impression?
Left
28
Where does the pulmonary artery lie in relation to the principle bronchus in the right lung?
Anterior Right anterior, left superior Pulmonary artery lies superior to bronchus in left lung Pulmonary arteries are inferior
29
At what level is the mediastinum separates into superior and inferior parts?
T4/5 Separated by the transverse plane between the sternal angle and the intervertebral disc at T4/5
30
Describe the divisions of the inferior mediastinum
Anterior - sternum and costal cartilage to pericardium Middle - pericardium Posterior pericardium to thoracic vertebra T5-T12
31
Does the phrenic nerve pass anterior or posterior to the hilum of the lung?
Anterior Vagus nerve passes posterior
32
Name the branches of the aortic arch
Brachiocephalic artery Left common carotid artery Left subclavian artery
33
Name the branches of the superior vena cava
Right brachiocephalic vein | Left brachiocephalic vein
34
Describe the location of the subcarinal (tracheobronchial) lymph nodes
Surrounding the bifurcation of the trachea
35
Describe the location of the thoracic duct
Posterior to oesophagus | Between the descending thoracic aorta and azygos vein
36
What level is the caval hiatus?
T8 Contains the IVC
37
What level is the oesophageal hiatus?
T10 Contains the oesophagus and anterior and posterior vagal trunks
38
What level is the aortic hiatus?
T12 Contains the aorta, thoracic duct and azygos vein
39
Innervation of diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5)
40
Why is the 1st rib at typical?
Flatter and wider | Only 1 articulating surface with vertebrae (normally 2)
41
What is the joint called between the ribs and costal cartilage?
Costochondral joint
42
What is the joint called between the costal cartilage and sternum?
Sternocostal joint
43
Why is quiet expiration considered passive?
Only uses diaphragm | Elastic recoil of ribs
44
Describe the movement of the ribs during inspiration
Up and out Superior and anterior movement of sternum Elevation of lateral shaft of ribs
45
Describe the movement of the ribs in expiration
In and down
46
Name an accessory muscle of inspiration
Serratus anterior
47
Name an accessory muscle of expiration
Rectus abdominis
48
What are the 2 floating ribs and why are they called that?
Ribs 11 & 12 | They don’t articulate with the sternum
49
Describe the fibre orientation of external intercostal muscles
Inferoanteriorly
50
Describe the orientation of internal intercostal muscle fibres
Inferoposteriorly
51
Borders of the heart?
Right, inferior, apex, left, superior
52
Surfaces of the heart?
Sternocostal, diaphragmatic, posterior (base)
53
What vessel does the atrioventricular groove (coronary sinus) contain?
Right coronary artery
54
Name the branches of the ascending aorta
Right and left coronary arteries
55
What is the crista terminalis?
Separates the rough (musculi pectinati) and smooth portions of the right atrium
56
The right atrium contains the coronary sinus, what is its function?
To drain deoxygenate blood from coronary circulation into the right atrium
57
Name the oval depression in the interatrial septum of the right atrium
Fossa ovalis
58
Which atrioventricular value is located in the right ventricle?
Tricuspid
59
What are the chords and muscles in the right ventricle that contract to close the tricuspid valve called?
Chorda tendineae Papillary muscles The value opens due to increased pressure
60
What are the rough and smooth portions of the right ventricle called?
Rough - trabeculae carnae | Smooth - infundibulum (outflow tract)
61
What is the name of the atrioventricular valve in the left side of the heart?
Bicuspid/mitral Chorda tendineae and papillary muscles contract to close valve
62
Which vessels do arise from the aortic sinus?
Anterior aortic sinus - right coronary artery | Left posterior aortic sinus - left coronary artery
63
Name the branches of the right coronary artery
Right marginal artery | Posterior interventricular artery
64
Name the branches of the left coronary artery
Left anterior descending (LAD) Left marginal artery Left circumflex artery
65
Level of abdominal aorta bifurcation?
L4
66
Level of anastomosis of right and left common iliac veins?
L5
67
Where does azygos vein drain into?
Superior vena cava
68
Superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric and splenic veins drain into...
Hepatic portal vein to the liver
69
Landmark of posterior tibial artery?
Behind medial malleolus
70
Where is the carotid sinus located?
Internal carotid artery
71
Level of common carotid artery bifurcation?
C4
72
Is the cephalic vein medial or lateral?
Lateral (thumb) Basilic vein is medial
73
Is the great saphenous vein medial or lateral?
Medial Lesser saphenous is lateral

Anatomy Year 1 (6 decks)

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