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Anatomy Year 1 > Block 3 > Flashcards

Block 3 Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Function of masseter?

A

Elevates mandible

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2
Q

Function of temporalis?

A

Elevates and retracts mandible

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3
Q

Function of medial and lateral pterygoid?

A

Lateral - protrudes and depresses mandible

Medial - protrudes and elevates mandible

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4
Q

Function of buccinator?

A

Prevents food accumulating between teeth and cheek

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5
Q

Innervation of muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve)

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6
Q

Innervation of buccinator?

A

Facial nerve

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7
Q

Innervation of intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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8
Q

Innervation of extrinsic muscles of tongue?

A

Mandibular nerve

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9
Q

Innervation of mandibular teeth?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve (branch of mandibular nerve)

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10
Q

Innervation of floor of oral cavity, submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

Lingual nerve (branch of mandibular nerve)

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11
Q

Special sensory innervation of tongue?

A

Chorda tympani

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12
Q

Innervation of hard and soft palate?

A

Maxillary nerve

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13
Q

Innervation of parotid gland?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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14
Q

What muscle makes up the upper oesophageal sphincter (C6)?

A

Cricopharyngeal muscle

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15
Q

What muscle makes up the gastroesophageal sphincter (T10)?

A

Right crus of diaphragm

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16
Q

Name the branches of the coeliac trunk

A

Common hepatic artery
Splenic artery
Left gastric artery

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17
Q

Which 5 arteries anastomose around the stomach?

A 
Left gastric 
Right gastric 
Right gastro-omental (gastroepiloic) 
Left gastro-omental (gastroepiloic)
Short gastric
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18
Q

Which arteries supply the lesser curvature?

A

Left and right gastric

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19
Q

Which arteries supply the greater curvature?

A

Right and left gastro-omental

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20
Q

Which artery supplies the fundus of the stomach?

A

Short gastric

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21
Q

The right gastric artery is a branch of..

A

The common hepatic artery

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22
Q

Histology of mouth, pharynx, oesophagus and anal canal?

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium

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23
Q

Histology of gastro-oesophageal junction?

A

Simple columnar epithelium (stomach)

Stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium (oesophagus)

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24
Q

Name the abdominal muscles

A

Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis

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25
What is the superficial fatty layer of fascia called?
Camper’s fascia
26
What is the rectus sheath?
Aponeurosis of external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis
27
What is the arcuate line?
Marks the point where the rectus abdominis penetrates the posterior layers of the rectus sheath. It is the point at which all aponeuroses move anterior to the rectus abdominis.
28
Which muscle is immediately deep to Camper’s and Scarpa’s fascia?
External oblique
29
Where do the inferior epigastric vessels enter the rectus sheath?
At the arcuate line
30
What is the inguinal ligament?
Lower border of the external oblique aponeurosis that extends between the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle
31
What is the contents of the inguinal canal?
``` Spermatic cord (males) Round ligament (females) Genitofemoral nerve Ilioinguinal nerve (only passes through the superficial ring) ```
32
Define the walls of the inguinal canal
Floor - inguinal ligament Anterior - aponeurosis of external oblique and internal oblique laterally (superficial ring) Roof - transversalis fascia, internal oblique and transversus abdominis Posterior - transversalis fascia (deep ring)
33
Define mesentery
Double fold of peritoneum that anchors organs to posterior abdominal wall
34
Define paracolic gutters
Space between colon and abdominal wall
35
What is an intraperitoneal organ?
Covered by visceral peritoneum
36
What is an infraperitoneal organ?
Inferior to parietal peritoneum e.g. bladder
37
What is a retroperitoneal organ?
Posterior to the parietal peritoneum e.g. kidneys
38
Define omentum
Double layer of peritoneum that attaches the stomach and proximal duodenum to other organs
39
Name the 4 parts of the duodenum
Superior Descending - major duodenal papilla (bile and pancreatic ducts) Transverse/horizontal Ascending - terminates at duodeno-jejunal junction
40
What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?
Midgut (duodenum, jejunum, ilium, caecum, appendix, ascending colon and proximal 2/3 transverse colon)
41
What structures are present in the jejunum lumen?
Plicae circulares
42
Does the jejunum have long or short vasa recta?
Long Short arterial arcades
43
Does the ileum have long or short vasa recta?
Short Long arterial arcades More mesenteric fat
44
Where does the appendix attach?
Caecum
45
Name the parts of the large intestine
``` Ascending colon (retroperitoneal) Transverse colon (intraperitoneal) Descending colon (retroperitoneal) Sigmoid colon (intraperitoneal) ```
46
What are the longitudinal muscular bands called on the colon?
Teniae coli
47
What are the fatty appendages on the colon called?
Appendices epiploicae
48
What are the haustra coli?
Sacculations of large intestine
49
What are the plica semilunaris?
Folds of mucosa separating the haustra coli when viewed from the lumen
50
What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?
Hindgut (distal 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canal)
51
What is the rectal ampulla?
Expanded portion of rectum Rectum has no teniae coli, appendices epiploicae or haustra
52
Where does the anal canal begin?
At the terminal end of the rectal ampulla
53
What epithelia is below the pectinate line?
Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
54
What muscle is in the internal and external anal sphincters?
Internal - smooth muscle | External - skeletal muscle
55
Histology of small and large intestine?
Simple columnar epithelium
56
Histology of ano-rectal junction?
Simple columnar to stratified squamous non-keratinising
57
How is the common bile duct formed?
From the common hepatic duct and cystic duct
58
What vessels are in the porta hepatis?
Hepatic portal vein Hepatic artery Hepatic duct
59
The coronary ligaments meet to form...
The triangular ligaments
60
The falciform ligament attaches the liver to the...
Abdominal wall
61
The coronary ligament attaches the liver to the...
Diaphragm
62
What is the hepatorenal pouch (of Morrison)?
Space between the visceral surface of the liver and right kidney
63
Describe the biliary tree
Common hepatic duct + cystic duct = common bile duct (CBD) CBD + pancreatic duct = ampulla of Vater (hepato-pancreatic ampulla) Ampulla or Vater —> major duodenal papilla (enters into duodenum via relaxation of sphincter of Oddi)

Anatomy Year 1 (6 decks)

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