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Anatomy > Block 2 Arm > Flashcards

Block 2 Arm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the contents of radial groove?

A

Radial nerve, deep brachial artery, deep brachial vein

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2
Q

Fractures of the distal part of the humerus leads to ______ nerve damage

A

Median

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3
Q

Posterior, Medial epicondyle fractures lead to _____ nerve injury

A

Ulnar

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4
Q

Where is the radiohumeral joint located?

A

Fovea capitis where the radius articulates with the humerus

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5
Q

The articulation of the of the radius and radial notch allows for… also ulnar notch…

A

Supination and pronation

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6
Q

What joint is the wrist joint?

A

Radiocarpal joint

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7
Q

Falling on the arm with the wrist extended results in

A

Colle’s fracture. Distal end of the radius with posterior dislocation

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8
Q

Xrays given to look at the wrist

A

Antro-posterior or postero-anterior

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9
Q

What is dinner fork fracture?

A

When the wrist becomes slightly elevated due to fracture

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10
Q

What allows for supination between the radius and ulna?

A

interosseus membrane and radioulnar joints

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11
Q

What are the 3 joints between the radius and ulna?

A 
Proximal radioulnar joint
Distal radioulnar joint
Interosseus membrane (continuous joint)
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12
Q

What is the most commonly fractured bone of the wrist?

A

Scaphoid

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13
Q

What is the most dislocated wrist bone?

A

Lunate and can damage median nerve

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14
Q

What makes up the carpal groove? What does it form?

A

The carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum

Forms carpal tunnel

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15
Q

What tendons of the muscles pass through the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor polices longus

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16
Q

Where is median nerve found?

A

Between the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus

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17
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Compression of the median nerve or lack of blood supply.

Happens to people with hypothyroid, rheumatoid, pregnancy, or amyloidosis

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18
Q

What nerve roots make sup the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

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19
Q

What muscles abducts the arm?

A

The deltoid muscle through the axillary nerve (C5-C6)

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20
Q

What muscle elevates the arm over 90°?

A

Surratus anterior innervated by long thoracic nerve

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21
Q

What can cause winged scapula?

A

Damage to the serratus anterior or rhomboid muscles
Damage to the long thoracic nerve
Radical mastectomy
Biopsy

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22
Q

_____ nerve leads to the diaphragm from C3 C4 C5

A

Phrenic

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23
Q

The scalene triangle is made up of the scalene muscles and contain…

A

The brachial plexus and subclavian artery

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24
Q

Where does phrenic nerve run?

A

Anterior aspect of the of anterior scalene

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25
Q

What is the thickest nerve?

A

Median nerve

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26
Q

What are the 6 branches of the axillary artery?

A

Superior thoracic, thorocoacromial, lateral thoracic, sibscapular, anterior and posterior circumflex humeral.

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27
Q

What veins drain into the axillary vein?

A

Basilic and cephalic

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28
Q

What are the contents and borders of the axillary space?

A

Contents:
Axillary nerve
Posterior circumflex humeral aftery

Borders: 
Teres minor
Teres major
Humerus
Long head of triceps brahcii
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29
Q

What are the contents of the triangular space?

A

Scapular circumflex artery

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30
Q

What muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A

The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and suprascapilaris.

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31
Q

What can cause injury to the rotator cuff?

A

Calcification, tendon rupture please and avulsion

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32
Q

What is the strong medial rotator of the arm?

A

Subscapularis muscle

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33
Q

Within the deltopectoal circus is the

A

Cephalic vein

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34
Q

What is apenurosis?

A

Fascia covering the muscles

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35
Q

What muscles make up the caracoid process?

A

Shorthead of the biceps brachii, coracoid brachialis, pectoralis minor

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36
Q

What is the function and innervation of the pectoralis major?

A

Adducts the arm and medially rotates it.

Inner: medial pectoral nerve

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37
Q

What is the innervation of the pectoralis minor?

A

Medial pectoral nerve

38
Q

What muscle adducts the arm and flexes the shoulder joint?

A

Corcacobrachialis

39
Q

The chief protractor of the arm is the

A

Deltoid muscle

40
Q

If the patient has winged scapula but can elevate the arm…

A

The long thoracic nerve and serrated muscle are okay.

41
Q

What muscle is used for catherization of the subscapular vein?

A

Subclavious muscle

42
Q

Anterior arm is ______

Posterior arm is _____

A

Flexion

Extension

43
Q

Coracobrachialis and the brachialis muscles are innervated by

A

The musculocutaneous nerve

44
Q

Supination of the forearm

A

Biceps muscle

45
Q

Flexor of the elbow

A

Brachialis muscle

46
Q

Biceps jerk and triceps jerk check which nerve roots?

A

Biceps: C5-C6
Triceps: C7-C8

47
Q

What is Erb-Duchenne paralysis

A

From C5-C6
Traction of the arm at birth or falling on the shoulder may damage the upper part of the brachial plexus.
Signs: deltoid and sipraspinatus are paralyzed (no abduction)
Medial rotation of the arm
No elbow flexion
Cannot be treated

48
Q

What is Klumpke’s paralysis?

A

C8-T1
Forced abduction of the shoulder
Leads to claw hand and Horner’s syndrome (droopy eyes)

49
Q

All muscles on the anterior aspect of the arm ware innervated by

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

50
Q

All muscles on the anterior aspect of the forearm are innervated by _____ except flexor carpis ulnaris and 2 tendons on the ulnar side that are innervated by ______

A

Median nerve

Ulnar nerve

51
Q

Injury to ___ nerve leads to papal benediction sign and ape hand

A

Median nerve

52
Q

Large muscle by the thumb

A

Thnaer eminence

53
Q

Large muscle by the pinky

A

Hypothnaer eminence

54
Q

In Papal benediction the ____ are dominant

A

Flexors

55
Q

Thnaer eminence is innervated by _____. Damage leads to

A

Median nerve

Atrophy becoming flat resulting in ape hand

56
Q

If an injury is distal it results in…? Proximal?

A

Distal: ape hand
Proximal: Papal benediction and ape hand

57
Q

Other common head of the flexors comes from the

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

58
Q

The common head of the extensors are from

A

The lateral condyle of the humerus

59
Q

What is golfers elbow or tennis elbow?

A

Periostis where the muscles raise the periosteum

60
Q

Palmar aponeurosis helps with

A

Flexion of the hand

61
Q

What is Dupuytren’s contracture?

A

Progressive fibrosis of the apenurosis leads to partial flexion of the ring and small finger

62
Q

Greatest supinator of the forearm?

A

Biceps brachii

63
Q

Where does the median nerve lie?

A

Between the two heads of the pronation teres

64
Q

What is pronator syndrome?

A

Compression of the median nerve

65
Q

What muscles pass through the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor polices longus

66
Q

Extensor muscles innervated by

A

Radial nerve

67
Q

Radial nerve as it pass through the radial groove divides into

A

Deep radial nerve and superficial nerve

68
Q

Superficial radial nerve innervates…? Deep radial nerve innervates?

A

Skin

Posterior forearm muscles

69
Q

Beer drinking muscle acts as flexor of the elbow

A

Brachioradialis

70
Q

What is the anatomical snuff box? Contents?

A

On dorsum of the hand

Contains radial nerve, radial artery, cephalic vein

71
Q

What makes up the thnaer muscles?

A

Abductor policis breves

Flexor policis breves

72
Q

What nerve innervates the hand muscles

A

Ulnar nerve

73
Q

What muscles are abductors of the fingers? Adductors?

A

Abd: Dorsal interosseous muscles
Add: Palmar interosseous muscles

74
Q

Ulnar nerve injury leads to

A

Claw hand

75
Q

Radial nerve injury leads to

A

Wrist drop.

If proximal flexion of elbow compromised also

76
Q

What is Saturday night palsy and honeymoon palsy?

A

Compression of radial nerve

77
Q

Missing PNP22 gene results in

A

People being more prone to injury and heredity neuropathies liability to pressure palsy (HNPP)

78
Q

Percent of innervation of the hand

A

70-30

1 finger 4 nerves

79
Q

1-7 nerves of the anterior fingers are innervated by? 8-10?

A

Median nerve

Ulnar nerve

80
Q

1-7 of the posterior fingers are innervated by? 8-10?

A

Radial nerve

Ulnar nerve

81
Q

Fingertips are innervated by

A

Median nerve

82
Q

Arterial blood pressure is measured by

A

Sphygomometer

83
Q

Blood supply of the upper limb

A

Subclavian artery passes under the clavicle turning into the axillary artery
Axillary passes the latissimus dorsi becoming brachial artery

84
Q

The deep brachial artery runs along side the

A

Radial nerve

85
Q

Why are collateral artery important?

A

They transfer blood during lacerations. If they become blocked the muscle dies leading to atrophy causing volkmanns ischemic contracture

86
Q

Which artery is used to check the pulse

A

Radial

87
Q

What percent of lymphatics drain into the axillary region

A

75%

88
Q

What is lymphangitis

A

Inflammation of the lymph nodes

89
Q

Which vein is used for blood work?

A

Medial cubital

90
Q

What is guyons canal

A

Where the ulnar nerve, artery, and vein pass’s they retriaculum

Anatomy (7 decks)

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