block 2 lecture 8

Question 1

what is alveolar ventilation?

Answer 1

amount of gas involved in gas exchange

Question 2

IRV?

Answer 2

inspiratory reserve volume

Question 3

TV?

Answer 3

tidal volume

Question 4

ERV?

Answer 4

expiratory reserve volume

Question 5

TLC?

Answer 5

total lung capacity

Question 6

ic?

Answer 6

inspiratoty volume

Question 7

RV?

Answer 7

residual volume

Question 8

FRC?

Answer 8

functional residual capacity

Question 9

VC?

Answer 9

vital capacity

Question 10

what can be used to measure RV and FRC?

Answer 10

spirometer

Question 11

when do you get increased inspiratory volume?

Answer 11

emphysema and COPD

Question 12

what is FEV1 used to measure?

Answer 12

asthma
COPD
airway obstruction

Question 13

what is the driving force for gas transport?

Answer 13

preasure gradient

Question 14

what stops the lungs collapsing in?

Answer 14

pleura is attatched to the chest wall

Question 15

what happens when you expand the chest cavity?

Answer 15

pressure becomes negative so air comes in as it is lower than outside

Question 16

whats more soluble out of CO2 and O2?

Answer 16

CO2

Question 17

what is the diffusion capacity?

Answer 17

ability of gas to travel across alveoli

Question 18

what is the arterial oxygen conc?

Answer 18

amount bound to heamoglobin and dissolved in the plasma

Question 19

formation of haemoglobin?

Answer 19

Haemoglobin has 3D shape there are 2 alpha and 2 beta chains, with a heam group and 2 porphyry rings

Question 20

what state is iron in in haemoglobin?

Answer 20

ferrous

Question 21

what causes the oxygen dissociation curve to shift to the right?

Answer 21

increased hydrogenn ions
increased CO2
increased temperature
increased BPG

Question 22

what is the right hand shift called?

Answer 22

Bohr shift

Question 23

what different about foetal haemoglobin?

Answer 23

gamma chains instead of beta

Question 24

what happens to the oxygen dissociation curve with fetal haemoglobin?

Answer 24

shifts to the left as there is a higher affinity

Question 25

what forms when carbon dioxide binds to haemoglobin?

Answer 25

carbamino haemoglobin

Question 26

ways of carbon dioxide transport?

Answer 26

bound to haemoblobin dissolved in plasma bicarbonate

Question 27

what acts as a buffer for hydrogen ions?

Answer 27

deoxyhaemoglobin

Question 28

what happens with hyperventilation?

Answer 28

low CO2 hypocapnia alkaline blood

Question 29

hypoventilation?

Answer 29

high CO2 hypercapnia acidic blood

Question 30

in diabetic ketoacidosis what happens to the blood?

Answer 30

acidic blood

Question 31

what does renal failure result in?

Answer 31

acidosis

Question 32

what happens if you take lots of antacids?

Answer 32

alkalosis

Question 33

what is buffering of the blood done by?

Answer 33

haemoglobin blood protein bicarbonate ions