block 2 lecture 9

Question 1

what are the 4 chambers of the heart?

Answer 1

left and right atrium and ventricles

Question 2

what are the great vessels?

Answer 2

vessels which come of the heart

aorta, superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary vessels

Question 3

where do the pulmonary veins return blood to?

Answer 3

left atria

Question 4

where does the vena cava supply blood to?

Answer 4

right atria

Question 5

where does the heart sit?

Answer 5

middle mediastinum in the thoracic cavity

Question 6

features of the right side of the heart?

Answer 6

straigh vertical

3rd-6th costal cartilages

Question 7

how does the long axis of the heart travel?

Answer 7

infero laterally

Question 8

features of the left side of the heart?

Answer 8

oblique

2nd costal cartilage - 5th costal cartilage

Question 9

on the back where does the heart run?

Answer 9

5th-8th thoracic vertebra

Question 10

what are the membranes that surround the heart?

Answer 10

pericardium

Question 11

what is the outer most pericardium?

Answer 11

fibrous

Question 12

what are the pericardium under the outer fibrous layer?

Answer 12

parietal and visceral

Question 13

features of the parietal and visceral pericardium?

Answer 13

they are a continuous layer which reflects in on itself

Question 14

what is the outermost layer of pericardium called?

Answer 14

epicardium (visceral)

Question 15

what are the three layers of the heart?

Answer 15

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

Question 16

where is the pericardial cavity found?

Answer 16

between visceral and parietal pericardium

Question 17

what is the pericardial cavity?

Answer 17

potential space

fluid to allow friction less movement

Question 18

what are the different sinuses of the heart?

Answer 18

oblique pericardial sinus

transverse pericardial cavity

Question 19

where is the oblique pericardial sinus?

Answer 19

on the back of the heart between pulmonary veins

Question 20

where is the transverse pericardial sinus?

Answer 20

between the aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 21

what is the right border made up of?

Answer 21

right atrium

Question 22

what is the left border made up of?

Answer 22

left ventricle

Question 23

when are the borders of the heart important?

Answer 23

when looking at a radiograph

Question 24

what is an auricle?

Answer 24

protrusion of the atria wall

Question 25

what is the aortic knuckle?

Answer 25

aortic arch on chest radiograph

Question 26

what do the atria do?

Answer 26

set the cardiac pace | receive blood and pass it on to ventricles

Question 27

what is the pace maker of the heart?

Answer 27

SAN

Question 28

where is the SAN?

Answer 28

right atria

Question 29

where is the AVN?

Answer 29

atria

Question 30

where does the right atria receive blood?

Answer 30

superior vena cava inferior vena cava coronary sinus

Question 31

where does the coronary sinus drain blood from?

Answer 31

coronary circulation

Question 32

what is the smooth part of the atria?

Answer 32

sinus venarum

Question 33

what is the sinus venarum derived from?

Answer 33

blood vessels embryonically

Question 34

what is the rough part of the atria covered with?

Answer 34

pectinate muscle

Question 35

what is the dividing line between smooth and rough atria walls?

Answer 35

cresta terminla

Question 36

whats inside the cresta terminala?

Answer 36

sinoatrial node

Question 37

what is the cresta terminala on the outside?

Answer 37

groove called sulcus terminalis

Question 38

what is the oval depression in the smooth wall called?

Answer 38

fossa ovalis

Question 39

what is the fossa ovalis?

Answer 39

depression in the smooth atria wall | derived from the connection between the atria in utero

Question 40

what is the fossa ovalis derived from?

Answer 40

faramen ovalae

Question 41

what is the left atrium supplied by?

Answer 41

the four pulmonary veins: | superior/inferior/left and right

Question 42

what is the valve between the right atria and ventricle?

Answer 42

tricuspid valve

Question 43

what is the valve between the left atria and ventricle?

Answer 43

bicuspid/mitral

Question 44

in the right ventricle what route does the blood take?

Answer 44

U shaped direction as it enters the pulmonary artery through the pulmonary trunk

Question 45

what is the pulmonary valve connected to?

Answer 45

cords tendonae

Question 46

what controls the cords tendonae?

Answer 46

papillary muscles

Question 47

what is below the papillary muscles?

Answer 47

rough area covered in trabculae carne

Question 48

what does the trabecula carnae do?

Answer 48

stops walls of the heart sticking together during systole

Question 49

what is the moderate band also known as?

Answer 49

septum marginal trabecular

Question 50

where does the bundle of hiss run?

Answer 50

septum marginal trabecular

Question 51

what funnels blood to the valve in the ventricles?

Answer 51

smooth funnel called infundibulum

Question 52

where do you find semi lunar valves?

Answer 52

between ventricles and the great vessels

Question 53

examples of semi lunar valves?

Answer 53

pulmonary and aortic

Question 54

how many cusps does the semi lunar valves have?

Answer 54

3

Question 55

what do the three cusps of the semi lunar valves form?

Answer 55

3 sinuses

Question 56

how many semi lunar cusps have coronary vessels coming off them?

Answer 56

2

Question 57

what are the 2 cusps of the semi lunar valve that give rise to coronary arteries?

Answer 57

``` right aortic (anterior) sinus - right coronary sinus left aortic (left posterior) sinus - left coronary artery ```

Question 58

when do the coronary arteries fill?

Answer 58

during diastole (relaxation of the heart)

Question 59

why cant the coronary arteries fill during systole?

Answer 59

the cusps of the vavles push against the wall of the aorta and close the opening

Question 60

where does the right coronary artery run?

Answer 60

aorta down the antrioventricular groove at the bottom it gives off the marginal artery which runs along the inferior border

Question 61

what shape does the right coronary artery and marginal artery form?

Answer 61

L shape

Question 62

why is the left coronary artery much shorter than the right?

Answer 62

bifurcates almost immediately

Question 63

what does the left coronary artery bifurcate into?

Answer 63

left circumflex and left anterior descending

Question 64

what are the three cardiac veins?

Answer 64

great middle small