Block 3 - Animal development and speciation

Question 1

Acoelomate

Answer 1

An animal without a body cavity

Question 2

Animal pole.

Answer 2

The part of the early embryo that gives rise to the body

Question 3

Anterior.

Answer 3

The front or head of an animals

Question 4

Archenteron.

Answer 4

The developing digestive tube

Question 5

Bilateria.

Answer 5

Bilaterally symmetric animals

Question 6

Blastocoel.

Answer 6

A fluid-filled bubble inside the blastula

Question 7

Blastopore lip.

Answer 7

An embryonic structure where the endoderm and mesoderm invaginate inwards

Question 8

Blastula.

Answer 8

An early stage unpatterned embryo

Question 9

Branchial arches

Answer 9

= gill pouches

Question 10

Cleavage.

Answer 10

The early rounds a cell division in an embryo

Question 11

Cnidarians

Answer 11

= jellyfish

Question 12

Coelom.

Answer 12

The body cavity

Question 13

Coelomate.

Answer 13

An animal with a true body cavity

Question 14

Ctenophores

Answer 14

= Comb jellies

Question 15

Determinate.

Answer 15

When an embryonic cell can only give rise to one part of the body

Question 16

Deuterostome.

Answer 16

A type of embryo in which the anus develops before the mouth

Question 17

Differentiation.

Answer 17

The process in which cells acquire their unique identities

Question 18

Diploblast.

Answer 18

An embryo with only two germ layers (endoderm and ectoderm)

Question 19

Dorsal.

Answer 19

The back or upper side of an animal

Question 20

Ectoderm.

Answer 20

The most exterior of the germ layers, gives rise to the nervous system and skin

Question 21

Endoderm.

Answer 21

The most interior of the germ layers, gives rise to the gut and associated organs

Question 22

Enterocoelus.

Answer 22

Formation of the archenteron by an infolding of the coelum

Question 23

Eumetazoa.

Answer 23

Animals with true tissues

Question 24

Gastrula.

Answer 24

An embryo undergoing the process of gastrulation to form three germ layers

Question 25

Holoblastic cleavage.

Answer 25

A type of cell division in which the whole embryo divides in two

Question 26

Meroblastic cleavage.

Answer 26

A type of embryo in which cells divide on top of a large yolk cell

Question 27

Mesoderm.

Answer 27

The middle germ layer, gives rise to muscles and other organs

Question 28

Morphogenesis.

Answer 28

The process of giving a shape to the developing embryo

Question 29

Morula.

Answer 29

An early stage in embryonic development in which the embryo looks like a blackberry

Question 30

Neurulation.

Answer 30

The process of neural plate formation

Question 31

Neural crest.

Answer 31

Specialised ectoderm cells that migrate through the body and form the skull, cranial nerves

Question 32

Neural plate.

Answer 32

The embryonic structure that will form the neural tube

Question 33

Neural tube.

Answer 33

The embryonic structure that will form the brain and spinal cord

Question 34

Notochord.

Answer 34

The embryonic structure that will form the back bone

Question 35

Parazoa

Answer 35

= sponges, porfira

Question 36

Phylotypic stage.

Answer 36

The stage of development when embryos from different species look very similar

Question 37

Posterior.

Answer 37

The tail or foot or an animal

Question 38

Protostome.

Answer 38

A type of embryo in which the mouth develops before the anus

Question 39

Pseudocoelomate.

Answer 39

An animal with a false body cavity

Question 40

Radiata.

Answer 40

Radially symmetric animals

Question 41

Schizocoelus.

Answer 41

Formation of the archenteron by a spitting of a solid mass of mesoderm

Question 42

Somite.

Answer 42

The early mesoderm tissue blocks that go on to form muscle

Question 43

Triploblast.

Answer 43

An embryo with three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm)

Question 44

Vegetal pole.

Answer 44

The part of the embryo that contains (slow dividing) yolk cells

Question 45

Ventral.

Answer 45

The stomach or under side of an animal

Question 46

Zygote.

Answer 46

The fertilised egg that will become the embryo