Block 3 Info Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
what happens when you walk around the corner and see a bear?
A
fear
2
Q
vague discomfort associated with meeting new people/going to a new job?
A
anxiety
3
Q
who has a higher prevalence of anxiety disorders? men or women? poor or rich?
A
women; prevalence decreases with higher socioeconomic status
4
Q
A. Recurrent unexpected panic attacks. A panic attack is an abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes
B. At least one of the attacks has been followed by 1 month (or more) of one or both of the following:
1. Persistent control or worry about additional panic attacks or their consequences.
2. A significant maladaptive change in behavior relating to the attacks (like not going out in public because you are afraid you will have one).
A
panic disorder
5
Q
what is the onset for panic disorder?
A
late adolescence
6
Q
a. Fear or anxiety associated with open or public spaces from which escape might be difficultb. Develops as a result of panic disorder; person is terrified to think they might have an attack in such an exposed environmentc. Almost always want to be accompanied by friend or family member when going anywhered. Extreme cases don’t leave homee. Most cases follow onset of panic disorderf. Prognosis is poorer if not preceded by panic disorder
A
agoraphobia
7
Q
A. Marked fear or anxiety about two (or more) of the following five situations:
1. Using public transportation.
2. Being in open spaces.
3. Being in enclosed spaces.
4. Standing in line or being in a crowd.
5. Being outside of the home alone.
B. The individual fears or avoids these situations because of thoughts that escape might be difficult or help might not be available in the event of developing panic-like symptoms or other incapacitating or embarrassing symptoms.
A
agoraphobia
8
Q
- A strong persistent fear of being judged by others, or embarrassed.-Could be anything; not wanting to eat in front of someone, or use a public restroom.
- Social anxiety disorder also known as Social Phobia(and even shy bladder).
A
social anxiety disorder
9
Q
Strong persistent fear of an object or situation
A
specific phobia
10
Q
who is specific phobia more prevalent in?
A
2x more prevalent in women; except the fear of blood, injection - this is equal
11
Q
What is the order of preavlance of specific phobias:
- blood/injection
- other
- animal
- situational
- natural environment
A
- Animal Type
- Natural Environment Type (storms, heights, water).
- Blood/Injection/Injury Type
- Situational Type (airplanes, elevators).
- Other Type (clowns, vomiting, etc.).
12
Q
A. Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation (i.e. flying, heights, animals, seeing blood).
B. The phobic object or situation almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety.
C. The phobic object or situation is actively avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety.
D. The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger.
E. The fear is persistent, typically lasting 6 months or more.
A
specific phobia
13
Q
fear of heights
A
agoraphobia
14
Q
fear of surgical operations
A
tomophobia
15
Q
fear of water
A
hydrophobia
16
Q
fear of everything
A
pantophobia
17
Q
fear of the number 4
A
tetraphobia
18
Q
fear of clowns
A
coulrophobia
19
Q
fear of asians
A
sinophobia
20
Q
fear of vomiting as a result of air sickness
A
aeronausiphobia
21
Q
fear of dirt and germs
A
mysophobia
22
Q
fear of opinions
A
allodoxaphobia
23
Q
fear of strangers
A
xenophobia
24
Q
fear of animals
A
zoophobia
25
fear of sexual abuse
agraphobia
26
fear of beautiful women
caligynephobia
27
fear of body odors
bromidrophobia
28
fear of hospitals
nosocomephobia
29
what is the average onset of GAD?
31
30
A. Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation), occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities (such as work or school performance).
B. The individual finds it hard to control the worry.
C. The anxiety and worry are associated with 3 (or more) of the following 6 symptoms:
1. Restlessness or feeling on edge.
2. Being easily fatigued.
3. Difficulty concentrating.
4. Irritability.
5. Muscle tension.
6. Sleep disturbances.
generalized anxiety disorder
31
- Symptoms might occur during use (i.e. intoxication) or withdrawal (up to one month after cessation of use).
- Disorder will be further categorized depending on the prominent features, i.e. panic attacks, OCD, generalized anxiety, etc. Treatment focuses on
substance-induced anxiety disorder
32
True or false - does Cognitive behavioral therapy precede medication?
TRUE
33
Benzodiazepines can be used for what?
anxiety
34
fast acting drugs are better used for what?
insomnia
35
what are 2 fast acting drugs?
diazepam, triazolam
36
longer acting drugs are better used for what?
anxiety
37
what are 3 long acting drugs?
Alprazolam, lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide
38
True or false: SSRI's are effective for long term? What is an example?
True; paroxetine
39
what is a serotonin agonist that is effective in anxiety?
buspirone
40
what is the prevalence of OCD?
equal in men and women; men more so in adolescence; more common in single people
41
what 2 components does OCD have?
Obsession: Recurrent or intrusive thought, feeling, idea or sensation.Compulsion: Conscious, standardized, recurrent behavior.
42
A. Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both.
1. Obsessions are: Recurring and persistent thoughts, urges or images. Person tries to ignore/neutralize these thoughts with some other thought or action.
2. Compulsions are: Repetitive behaviors.
OCD
43
what drugs are most effective in treating OCD?
5-HTa
44
hair pulling disorder
trichotillomania
45
skin picking disorder
excoriation
46
A. Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation in one or more of the following ways:
1. Directly experiencing the event.
2. Witnessing the events as they occur to others.
3. Learning the traumatic event has happened to friend or family member.
B. Presence of one or more of the following intrusion (unwanted) symptoms associated with the traumatic events, beginning after the events occurred:
1. Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive or distressing memories of the events.
2. Recurrent distressing dreams.
3. Dissociative reactions (i.e. flashbacks).
4/5. Intense or prolonged psychological or physiological distress at exposure to cues resembling the event.
PTSD
47
civil war also called?
soldier's war
48
WWI also called?
shell shock
49
WW2 also called?
combat neurosis
50
Vietnam war also called?
PTSD
51
gulf war also called?
gulf war syndrome
52
-Lesser, temporal, version of PTSD-The development of characteristic symptoms lasting from 3 days to one month following exposure to one or more traumatic events.
acute stress disorder
53
A. Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation in one or more of the following ways:
a. Directly experiencing the event.
b. Witnessing the events as they occur to others.
c. Learning the traumatic event has happened to friend or family member.The result of exposure results in symptoms in the following areas:
B. Symptoms are from the following categories:
1. Intrusion symptoms (recurring dreams, memories).
2. Negative mood.
3. Dissociative symptoms.
4. Avoidance symptoms.
5. Arousal symptoms (sleep problems, concentration issues).
acute stress disorder
54
An emotional and behavioral reaction which develops within 3 months of a life stress, and lasts less than 6 months. The life stress is ‘serious’ i.e. divorce, moving, etc., but not life threatening. Symptoms include anxiety, depression, conduct problems, etc.
adjustment disorder
55
A. A pattern of behavior in which a child actively approaches and interacts with unfamiliar adults and exhibits at least two of the following:
1. Reduced or absent reticence in approaching and interacting with unfamiliar adults.
a. No reluctance or nervousness about approaching an adult whom they don’t know
2. Overly familiar verbal or physical behavior.
a. Ex) hugging an uncle they just met
3. Diminished or absent ‘checking back’ with adult caregiver after venturing away, even in unfamiliar conditions.
a. Ex) not checking back in a park they’ve never been with
4. Willingness to go off with an unfamiliar adult with minimal or no hesitation.
a. Ex) child goes off for ice cream with a stranger
C. The child has experienced a pattern of extremes of insufficient care as evidenced by at least 1 of the following:
1. Social neglect or deprivation.
2. Repeated changes of primary caregivers.
3. Rearing in unusual settings that limit opportunities for attachments.
disinhibited social engagement disorder
56
Is depression more prevalent in males or females?
females
57
what is the mean age of onset for depression?
40
58
what is the mean age of onset for bipolar disorder?
30
59
is bipolar more prevalent in males or females?
equal
60
less severe form of major depression
dysthymia; persistent depressive disorder
61
less severe form of bipolar disorder
cyclothymia
62
episode of mania that doesn't meet DSM5 for manic episode
hypomanic
63
what do drugs for depression typically interact with?
NE, 5-HT, sometimes DA
64
tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) are used when?
in depression for those not responsive to SSRI's
65
what are the go to drugs for depression?
SSRI's
66
what do SSRI's do?
inhibit 5-HT reuptake
67
what do MAO inhibitors do?
block degradation of transmitters thus prolonging their action
68
Mood, behavior and physical symptoms occurring at a specific time during the menstrual cycle.
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
69
Chronic, severe, persistent irritability that alternates between temper outbursts and the chronic, irritable mood, in children up to 18yrs.
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
70
Symptoms of major depressive disorder, but are associated with the ingestion, injection, or inhalation of a substance (medication, drug of abuse, etc.).
substance/medication induced depression
71
major depressive disorder and mania
bipolar disorder 1
72
major depressive disorder and hypomania
bipolar disorder 1
73
persistent depressive disorder and hypomania
cyclothymia
74
what is the prevalence of schizophrenia in males vs females? months of the year?
male/female ratio equal; more winter births
75
Are Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized/racing thoughts positive or negaitve symptoms?
positive
76
Are Apathy (not caring), withdrawn, lack of emotion, poor or non-existent social functionings positive or negative symptoms?
negative
77
what is a misperception of real stimuli (for a second there I thought that tree was an alien) called?
illusion
78
what is a false belief not shared by culture (aliens are secretly running the USA) called?
delusion
79
what is an "atypical" antipsychotic that interacts with 5-HT and DA?
clozapine
80
preceding the disease
premorbid
81
early, non-specific symptoms that may indicate the start/onset of disease
prodromal
82
Symptoms present for more than 1 month but less than 6.
Schizophreniform disorder
83
Symptoms present more than 1 day, less than 1 month.
Brief Psychotic disorder
84
Schizophrenia and manic or depressive syndrome1. Must meet requirements for schizophrenia and full-blown depression or bi-polar disorder
Schizoaffective Disorder
85
Delusions without other the other symptoms of schizophrenia
Delusional disorder
86
complete lack of speech
alogia
87
lack of desire to pursue meaningful goals
avolution
88
inability to experience pleasure
anhedoniea
89
what is the minimum duration to diagnose schizophrenia
6 months
90
mimicking another's speech
echolalia
91
mimicking's
echopraxia
92
A. Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness.
1. Ex) don’t want to go to hospitals or airports since they don’t want to get sick
B. Somatic symptoms are not present, or, if present, are only mild in intensity.
illness anxiety disorder
93
A. One or more somatic symptoms that are distressing or result in significant disruption of daily life.
B. Excessive thoughts, feelings or behaviors related to the somatic symptoms or associated health concerns as manifested by at least 1 of the following:
1. Disproportionate and persistent thoughts about the seriousness of one’s symptoms.
2. Persistently high level of anxiety about health or symptoms.
3. Excessive time and energy devoted to these symptoms or health concerns
somatic symptom disorder
94
A. One or more symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function.
B. Clinical findings provide evidence of incompatibility between the symptom and recognized neurological or medical conditions.
conversion disorder
95
A. Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others.
B. At some point during the course of the disorder the person has performed repetitive behaviors, comparing their appearance in response to the appearance concerns.
body dysmorphic disorder
96
Males feel they are ‘puny’ and thus work out excessively. They’re never big enough, though…
bigorexia
97
What effect does increased Ach have on sleep?
increased sleep efficiency and REM sleep
98
What effect does increased DA have on sleep?
decreased sleep efficiency
99
What effect does increased NE have on sleep?
decreased sleep efficiency and REM sleep
100
What effect does increased 5-HT have on sleep?
increased sleep efficiency and delta sleep
101
what is activated in the brain in REM sleep?
pons
102
what is activated in the brain in NREM sleep?
hypothalmus
103
not sleeping
insomnia disorder
104
what is the time period for the diagnosis of insomnia?
at least 3 months (and 3 nights per week)
105
sleeping too much
hypersomnolence disorder
106
what is the time period of diagnosis for hypersomnolence?
sleep episode of at least 9 hours/day occurring 3x/week for 3 months
107
falling asleep at inappropriate times
narcolepsy
108
what is the time period for diagnosis for narcolepsy?
3x/week for 3 months
109
Where are the lewy bodies found in Lewy Body Disease?
cotically
110
Where are the lewy bodies found in Huntington's Disease?
basal ganglia
111
frontotemporal disease has atrophy of what lobes?
frontal and temporal
112
alzheimers disease has atrophy of what lobes?
all
113
explicit/declarative
knowledge of facts and what they mean
114
implicit/non-declarative
"how-to" memories
115
desynchronized eeg
REM sleep
116
synchronized eeg
NREM sleep
117
bruxism
teeth grinding in stage 2 sleep
118
what is pseudodementia?
depression in elderly that mimics dementia
119
inability to make certain movements, despite a healthy body
apraxia
120
loss of ability to produce or understand language
aphasia
121
problems recognizing familiar persons and objects
agnosia
122
amnesia which resolves in under 24 hours
transient global amnesia
123
which delusional disorder shows paradoxical conduct?
erotomanic
124
occurs only in men; perceived slight or insult results in violent or homicidal outburst and then brooding follows
Amok in Malaysia
125
Severe hypochondriacal and anxiety concerns associated with discharge of semen and whitish discoloration of urine
Dhat in India
126
Extreme excitement for about 30 minutes followed by seizures and coma
Piblokoto - Inuit/Eskimos
127
Preoccupation with death and the deceased in Native american tribes
ghost sickness
128
African-American or Caucasians in southern US or Caribbean - not voodoo, but based on christianity-curses from the lord
rootwork/hoodoo
129
mental exhaustion exclusive in West Africa
brain fag
130
exaggerated startle response with echolalia and echopraxia
jumping frenchmen of maine
131
intense fear that ones genitalia is shrinking
koro
