Block 3 Resp

Question 1

The volume of air inhaled or exhaled with each normal breath

Answer 1

Tidal Volume (TV)

Question 2

the volume of air that can be inhaled at the end of a normal tidal inspiration

Answer 2

Inspiratory Reserve volume (IRV)

Question 3

the volume of air within the lungs that can be exhaled after the end of a tidal exhalation

Answer 3

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Question 4

the air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration (cannot be measured on spirometry and cannot be expelled)

Answer 4

Resdiual volume (RV)

Question 5

The total volume of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a tidal exhalation

Answer 5

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)- cannot be measured by spirometry

Question 6

the volume of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal inspiration

Answer 6

Total Lung Capacity (TLC) - cannot be measured by spirometry

Question 7

the volume of air exhaled from maximal inspiration to maximal exhalation; maximum expiration, when done with force this volume is termed…

Answer 7

Vital capacity (VC)
Force Vital capacity (FVC)

Question 8

the volume of air exhaled in the first second of a FVC test

Answer 8

forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)

Question 9

Obstructive Disorder

Answer 9

Expiratory flow rate is decreased, decrease FEV1 & FVC

FEV1/FVC ratio is low

Question 10

Restrictive disorder

Answer 10

Lung inflation is decreased resulting in decreased FEV1 & FVC

FEV1/ FVC ratio is normal or increased

Question 11

The Max amount of O2 that can be bound to hemoglobin

Answer 11

Oxygen Carrying Capacity

Question 12

Ratio of quantity of O2 actually bound to the quantity of O2 that can be potentially bound. 98%

Answer 12

Oxygen saturation

Question 13

Amount of O2 actually bound to hemoglobin + dissolved O2

Answer 13

Oxygen Content

Question 14

Anemia

Answer 14

defined as a decreased the RBC mass

Question 15

Once O2 is bound to Hb it becomes easier for the next O2 to bind

Answer 15

Cooperative Binding

Question 16

Blood arriving at the lungs with O2 sat of 75%

Answer 16

Association (loading)

Question 17

Blood arrives at tissue where O2 is needed

Answer 17

Dissociation (unloading)- steep curve

Question 18

High affinity of O2

Answer 18

low P50

Question 19

Low affinity of O2

Answer 19

High P50

Question 20

What diseases have a rightward shift?

Answer 20

Chronic hypoxia, altitude, COPD, anemia (2, 3 BPG increase)

Question 21

What makes the curve shift leftward?

Answer 21

Carbon monoxide

Question 22

Carboxyhemoglobin

Answer 22

CO+Hb

Question 23

How is carbon dioxide transported?

Answer 23

1. Bicarbonate
2. Dissolved CO2
3. Carbonate
4. Carbonic acid
5. Carbamino compound

Question 24

What enzyme accelerates carbon dioxide transport?

Answer 24

Carbonic anhydrase

Question 25

Haldane Effect

Answer 25

Higher PO2: down and to the right | -Allows blood to load more CO2 in the tissues and unload more CO2 in the lungs

Question 26

Chloride Shift

Answer 26

Exchange of chloride for bicarbonate in RBCs

Question 27

Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 27

- lower pH - decrease alveolar vent - hypoventilation - increase PAO2

Question 28

Cilia lining the airways beat the mucus covering them away from alveoli and toward the pharynx

Answer 28

Mucociliary escalator

Question 29

What type of cells secrete surfactant?

Answer 29

Type 2 alveolus (pneumocytes), increases compliance, reduces surface tension

Question 30

IRDS

Answer 30

Infant respiratory distress syndrome, low levels of surfactant in underdeveloped lungs --> ventilation failure - use of accessory muscles of respiration - cyanosis - hypoxia - tachy - poor gas exchange

Question 31

Mechanism for fall in pulmonary vascular resistance

Answer 31

Recruitment

Question 32

Widening of capillary segments due to high compliance

Answer 32

Distension

Question 33

Hypoventilation

Answer 33

Decrease alveolar ventilation, increased PaCO2

Question 34

Hyperventilation

Answer 34

Increased alveolar ventilation, decreased PaCO2

Question 35

Hypercapnia

Answer 35

Increased CO2 in blood

Question 36

Eupnea

Answer 36

Normal breathing

Question 37

Hypopnea

Answer 37

Decreased ventilation in response to lowered CO2 production

Question 38

Hyperpnea

Answer 38

Increased ventilation in response to increased metabolic CO2 production

Question 39

Tachypnea

Answer 39

increased frequency of breathing. Ventilation may or may not change depending on tidal volume

Question 40

Dyspnea

Answer 40

SOB

Question 41

Apnea

Answer 41

temporary cessation of breathing

Question 42

Inspiratory Center

Answer 42

DRG

Question 43

Intense inspiration | Expiration

Answer 43

VRG

Question 44

Depth and duration of inspiration

Answer 44

Pneumotaxic center (upper pons)