Block 4 Flashcards
Is vancomycin bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?
bacteriostatic
Is fidaxomicin bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?
bacteriocidal
also used for C diff, has minimal systemic absorption
a replication-defective RNA virus that is only capable of causing infection when encapsulated with HBsAg
delta agent aka hepatitis D virus
what would happen to Hep D if we were hypothetically able to universally vaccinate everyone with recombinant HBsAg?
Hep D would almost entirely disappear
dimorphic fungus that causes a subcutaneous mycosis, often transmitted by a thorn prick
Sporothrix schenkii
do cephalosporins (cefepime, ceftrazidime) cover pseudomonas?
yes, they have good antipseudomonal coverage
what infections are asplenic patients prone to?
Strep pneumo, H. influenzae, N meningitidis
encapsulated organisms
what becomes a problem for pts who experienced splenic rupture secondary to trauma?
systemic bacterial clearance
With Rubella, what sequelae do most women develop?
polyarthritis and polyarthralgia
what does a fetal infection with rubella cause (during the first trimester)?
deafness, cataracts, and cardiac malformations like a PDA
this fungus can be colonizing (‘fungus balls”) and allergic (ABPA) — causing wheezing, fever, migratory pulmonary infiltrates in patients with asthma
aspergillus fumigatus
what does inoculation of Candida albicans into serum at 37 degrees C for 3 hours lead to?
formation of true hyphae from the yeast, called “germ tubes”
what does Chlamydia A-C cause?
ocular infection (trachoma) in children
what does Chlamydia D-K cause?
urogenital (STI) and inclusion conjunctivitis
what does Chlamydia L1-L3 cause?
lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)
chronic = initial painless small ulcer on genital mucosa
weeks later = swollen painful inguinal nodes that coalesce, ulcerate, and rupture (buboes)
what do lymphogranuloma venereum lesions contain histologically?
areas of mixed granulomatous and neutrophilic inflammation with chlamydial inclusion bodies seen in the epithelial and inflammatory cells
What does the CDC recommend to decrease incidence of congenital rubella?
vaccination of children and non-pregnant females of child bearing age with live-attenuated rubella virus vaccine
what non-enveloped, ssDNA virus causes aplastic crisis in sickle cell patients because it infects erythroid precursor cells in the bone marrow?
Parvovirus B19
virulence factor found in the peptidoglycan cell wall of Staph aureus that binds to the Fc portion of IgG, leading to impaired complement activation, opsonization, and phagocytosis
protein A
Multiple ring-enhancing lesions in an HIV patient indicates…
toxoplasmosis
capsular material from 23 serotypes
polysaccharides alone can’t be presented to T-cells, so this induces a relatively T-cell independent B-cell response that is less effective in young children and elderly
PPSV23 vaccine for Strep pneumo
contains capsular polysaccharides from 13 serotypes that have been covalently attached to recombinant, inactivated diptheria toxin
induces an active immunity via a T-cell-_dependent_ B-cell response, resulting in improved immunogenicity due to formation of higher affinity antibodies and memory cells
PCV13 vaccine for Strep pneumo
What are the treatments for Diphtheria infection?
- Diphtheria antitoxin (passive immunization - most important and has greateast effect on prognosis)
- antibiotics
- active immunization
describe why immunity to nontypable strains of H influenzae is not conferred by vaccination w/ Hib vaccine
nontypable strains of H influenzae do not form an antiphagocytic capsule. they are part of the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract
they can cause otitis media, sinusitis, and bronchitis
capsular strains other than type b are also not covered by vaccine
