Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Group Dynamics > Block 4 > Flashcards

Block 4 Flashcards

(54 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Individual decision making pros and cons

A

Individual decision making pros:
Typically faster than group decision making
Best individual in a group usually outperforms the group
Accountability is easier to determine

Cons:
Fewer ideas
Identifying the best individual can be challenging
Possible to put off making decisions if let alone to do it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Transactive memory

A

Transactive memory is a shared system for encoding storing and retrieving information

It acquires knowledge about others knowledge
Each person stores relative knowledge for their specified domains
Identify the person with the necessary knowledge and receive the knowledge from them

Common in couples families and work groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do we know who’s what

A

Social categorisation (sex age) gives an idea of a strangers memory system

Negotiated entries in the directory
Perceptions of the relative expertise and partners in different knowledge domains

Knowledge of the persons access to information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why do we only talk about things everybody already knows

A

Information - sampling process:
Shared info is more likely to enter conversations
Mutual enhancement process - my info is shared by others; I’m perceived as a good contributor
I feel good when others agree with me
Shared info is valid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do u fix this?

A

Make unshared info - salient
Don’t rush
Extensive discussions
Individual assignments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Easy group polarisation example

A

People invent 10,20,30 you’re more likely to invest 40 due to group polarisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Social comparison theory

A

Social comparison theory is we are motivated to be slightly more correct than others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Persuasive arguments theory

A

Persuasive arguments Theory is exposure to previously unconsidered arguments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Group think

A

Group think is where we try very hard to agree with each other

Direct pressure on dissenters to conform 
Illusion of unanimity
Illusion of invulnerability 
Close minded 
Stereotypes views of our group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why doesn’t group think

A

Janis theory: cohesive groups only
Keugulanskis group centrism theory: low capacity to process info; group strives for cog closure; willing to accept strong focused leaders

Barons ubiquity model: social identification, salient norms and low self efficacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why can’t people get along

A

Stereotype
Prejudice
Discrimination

These are all attitudes, thoughts and behaviours towards a distinguishable group of people, based solely on group membership

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Affective - prejudice

A

A negative or positive attitude towards a distinguishable group of people, based solely on group membership

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Behavioural - discrimination

A

Unjustified, negative, or harmful action towards a person because being member of a group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cognitive - stereotyping

A

Stereotyping is generalisation about a group of people in which identical traits belong to all group members

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Examples of prejudice stereotyping and discrimination

A

All lawyers are dishonest - stereotyping
A white man sitting on a bus next to a dark skinned person feels anxious- prejudice discrimination
Hiring committee evaluates all potential employees exclusively by their professional qualifications - nothing

A man from cancun in Mexico does not like Americans because he thinks they are all drink irresponsibly - stereotyping and prejudice

A women believes it will rain because she sees many grey clouds in the sky - nothing m

A college hiring a maths professor states that they will prioritise male applicants - prejudice and discrimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stereotypes examples

A

All blacks are good at sports - race
Men are strong and do all the work - gender
All teenagers are rebels - age
All Jews are greedy - culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mental shortcuts

A

Evolved to categorise groups into in groups and out groups

Short answer: social categorisation
Sorting people into groups on the basis of common feathers - makes our live easier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Are stereotypes heuristics

A

Stereotypes are heuristics. They’re mental shortcuts. People may use stereotypes because they contain a kernel of truth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Us v them

A

In group - “Us” the group you belong to

Outgroup - “them” groups you don’t belong to

Ingroup favouritism
Outgroup discrimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

We don’t like dissimilar others

A

Minimal group paradigm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Perceived outgroup homogeneity

A

Overestimating how similar members of others groups are to one another:

They are alike
They all look alike
They all dress the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Perceived outgroup homogeneity

Study These Flashcards
A

quarterone and jones - students rated similarity in musical preferences for students at their school and another school

Showed they perceived outgroup (other school) had similir music preferences to people in their school similar interst

The “they all like the same thing “

23
Q

Singlism example

Study These Flashcards
A

Singlism is the stigmatizing of adults who are single. It includes negative stereotypinf of singles and discriminations against singles

24
Q

The big 5 on how we perceive solitude

Study These Flashcards
A 
Extroversion 
Agreeableness 
Neuroticism 
Openness
Conscientiousness
25
Solitude seekers are perceived to be more
Introverted, disagreeable, neurotic and cold More likely to be excluded React more strongly to belonging cues
26
How to fix it. - the contact hypothesis
Equal status Common goals Cooperation Support of authorities, law or custom The contact hypothesis is supported for prejudice reduction Challenged the four requirements may not be necessary
27
Why do we study interpersonal relationships
Because relationships are indispensable part of our lives and more importantly relationships matter. They contribute physical and psychological well being It covers wide range of people like siblings friends co workers class mates These types of relationships differ in vast number of fronts, however they share common fundamentals
28
Challenges of doing relationship research
Topic is very personal / private Hard to manipulate some variables in the labs Not possible to randomly assign people into different conditions based on some relationship variables Mostly based on self report longitudinal designs are still strong Researchers need to come up with smart ways to measure relationship measures
29
How relationships start develop and end
Initiation (attraction, self disclosure) Maintenance (interdependence, commitment, support, sexual relations) Dissolution (conflict, break up, recovery)
30
Halo effect
We perceive those who look good as good at the same time
31
Similarity
Similarity suggest who is me and mine Similarity suggests familiarity Similarity contributes to mastery and connectedness
32
Positive interaction done by Moreland and beach
Exposure effect. - student sits 5 time, another 10 and another 15, Asked to rate likeliness and attractiveness saw the one who was seen most as most liked and most attractive
33
Feedback loop
Once liking is developed, it feeds back on the other factors to reinforce, to strengthen the connection between Once liking is mutual it translates into a friendship or partnerships
34
Moving from acquaintances to friendships
Characteristic that draw people are idiosyncratic characteristics about the individual (how attractive etc). But after that then it becomes less meaningful. Benefit to reward patterns change Different relationships have different exchange rules
35
Self disclosure
Sharing info about yourself to someone else Effects are makes other like us (boundary conditions) Feelings of connectedness Facilaites coordination Produce trust
36
Does self disclosure always produce likeability
No, there are certain norms we follow in our relationships to make the self disclosure effective These are: Not disclosing too much Reciprocity in Convo (give back) Keeping discloses parallel with there’s
37
Self disclosure breakfast club example
They barely know each other they share superficial info about themselves They share more personal info They see each other as friends
38
Self disclosure gender
Reis studies showed women tend to self disclosure more than men Also women disclose more to women And men disclose more to men And women particularly disclose about their feelings and emotions
39
Self disclosure with cultural differences
People in individualistic cultures self disclose more Expression of their uniqueness as an individual
40
What is a close relationship
A relationship involving strong and frequent interdependence in many domains of life
41
Relationship interdependence
Cognitive Behavioural Affective
42
The investment mode of commitment
Caryl rusbult did the investment model of commitment Satisfaction - how happy the relationship makes you Quality of alternatives - are your alternatives to the relationship better or worse than the current relationships Investments - anything you put into the relationship that you won’t get back in case the relationship ends Subjective norms - your perception of your close others
43
Bowlbys attachment theory
Looks at low to high avoidance and low to high anxiety Bowlby says if you had all fundamental needs of yourself given by your caregiver you will feel loved and be relied upon It proved: Around 60-65% of pop falls under this category - considered as having a secure attachment style Around 15-20% of pop falls under This category - anxious attachment style Dismissive: around 10-15# of pop falls under this category
44
Impact of ones attachment
Secure - easy to get close, comfortable with others, relationships easy form and last av 10 years Anxious - want to be close to others but may not believe others want to be close to them, may want to emerge completely and be engulfed by partner, av 5 years Avoidant - uncomfortable with others being close, worry about becoming dependant on other; wants less intimacy / closeness, av duration 6 years
45
Highly avoidant individuals may
Highly avoidant individuals may Be less invented in close relationships Express less grief following loss Not use touch to communicate affection or intimacy Fantasise about someone else while having sex
46
Highly anxious individuals may
Highly anxious individuals may be deeply invested in close relationships but have a high break up rate Grieve intensely during loss and find it difficult to achieve resolution Self disclose too much Hold affectionate reps of self and others in sexual fantasises
47
Securely attached individuals may
Securely attached individuals may: Value and enjoy their relationships Grieve following a loss or breakup but achieve resolution Provide ample partner support when evidence of distress
48
Sternbergs trianglur theory of love
Sternberg proposed a theory of love with theee components Passions is the motivational component of love - sexual desire, craving for the person Intimacy is the emotional component - the sense of bondedness -emotional closeness / willingness to help others / sharing / openness Commitment is the cognitive component - the decision to be together Motivation to overcome difficulties
49
Component of love in a relationship over time
Passion develops rapidly and then declines over the course of the relationship Both intimacy and commitment increase as the relationship continues - if not, the relationship will end when the passion ends This provides a conceptual basis for the transformation of passionate love to companionate love
50
Sternergs characteristics of love
Liking - intimacy and friendly Empty love - commitment and long term static relationships Infatuation - passion ( a crush) Compassionate love - intimacy + commitment (characterise a happy couple who shared many years together) Fatuos life - passion + commitment - courtship one longs for person from a far Romanticus love - passion + intimacy Consummate love - all thre ideal, people Strive for, but hard to achieve and sustain
51
Some findings
Intimacy and commitment predict relationship stability Married people score higher on commitment Passion declines more sharply for women Compatibility is important
52
Handling relationship conflict: communication styles
There are times when positive communication is harmful, and when negative communication is beneficial. This varies by the directness of the communication
53
Handling relationship conflict: communication styles
Direct opposition > beneficial when diagnostic problem severity and partners feel able to resolve issues Harmful when: disproportionate to problem severity and partners feel unable to resolve issues Indirect opposition > beneficial when: successfully inducing guilt in partner reduces relationship insecurity Harmful when: partners avoid dependence, resent implied obligations, and resist change Indirect cooperation: beneficial when: reduces reactance in defensie partners and problems are addressed Harmful when: serious problems remain unaddressed and partners continue problematic behaviour
54
Relationship dissolution
Sprecher- found that satisfaction and commitment drop signicsnt before breakups

Group Dynamics (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions