Block 5 Flashcards
(179 cards)
1
Q
What mandates and governs all installation Notification and Warning Systems (INWS)?
A
AFI 10-2501
2
Q
What must Installation Notification and Warning Systems (INWS) do?
A
- Provide installation-wide coverage
- Reach off-base facilities
- Be intelligible to personnel
- Disseminate attack, emergency, HURCON and MOPP warnings
3
Q
Which warning is a 3-5 minute STEADY tone on siren or similar warning device?
A
Disaster Warning
4
Q
Which warning tone is a 3-5 minute WAVERING tone on siren or similar warning device?
A
Attack Warning
5
Q
Which warning tone is a voice announcement?
A
All Clear
6
Q
What does a Disaster Warning indicate?
A
A disaster/incident affecting the base is imminent or in progress
Ex. Tornadoes, flash floods, hazardous chemical releases, wildfires
7
Q
What does an Attack Warning indicate?
A
An attack/hostile act is imminent or in progress
Ex. Vehicle bomb, terrorist release of chemical, biological, radioactive materials
8
Q
What does an All Clear indicate?
A
The immediate disaster or threat has ended or the attack is over
9
Q
What are the individual’s actions when hearing a Disaster Warning?
A
- Be aware, ensure all personnel are warned
- Follow instructions to take cover, evacuate to a safe location or shelter
- Conduct personnel accountability
10
Q
What are the individual’s actions when hearing an Attack Warning?
A
- Be aware, ensure all personnel are warned
- Implement security measures, as appropriate
- Follow instructions to take cover, evacuate to a safe location or shelter
- Conduct personnel accountability
11
Q
What are the individual’s actions when hearing an All Clear?
A
- Remain alert for secondary hazards
- Account for all personnel
- Report fires, injuries, hazards and damage
12
Q
What are “just rapid changes in air pressure”?
A
Sound waves
13
Q
Which principle of sound is also known as magnitude, loudness or intensity of sound?
A
Volume
14
Q
What are the two parts of an air pressure wave?
A
- Compression (Positive air pressure wave)
- Rarefaction (Negative air pressure wave)
15
Q
What is the principle of sound that is defined as, the degree an electronic device accurately reproduces its original signal?
A
Fidelity
16
Q
What is the principle of sound that is defined as, a falsified reproduction of an audio signal caused by a change in the waveform from the original signal?
A
Distortion
17
Q
What is a notable low-fidelity system?
A
Installation Notification and Warning Systems (INWS)
18
Q
What is the principle of sound that is defined as, the range of frequencies a speaker can reproduce?
A
Frequency response (measured in Hertz)
19
Q
When does feedback occur?
A
When an open (active) microphone picks the signal coming out of the speaker
20
Q
What are three ways to avoid feedback?
A
- Reduce the gain (volume) out of the offending channel
- Make sure the speakers are in front of the microphone
- Limit the amount of open microphones (mute)
21
Q
What is the principle of sound that is defined as, the maximum area (distance) your sound travels?
A
Audio footprint
22
Q
Audio footprint and output power are ____ proportional
A
Directly
23
Q
What is needed to increase the distance of your audio footprint?
A
More volume
24
Q
Increasing the output power to the speaker does what?
A
Increases the volume
25
____ are like resistors, they create resistance.
Speakers
26
What does impedance determine?
How efficiently power is transferred
27
What achieves maximum power transfer from the amplifier to the speakers?
Impedance matching
28
What is one of the greatest mistakes you can make when setting up a sound system?
Connecting speakers to an amplifier and ignoring speaker impedance
29
Which speaker configuration connects components end-to-end?
Series Connection
30
Which speaker configuration connects components across each other?
Parallel Connection
31
Which speaker configuration connects multiple speakers in a combination of series and parallel?
Series-Parallel Connection
32
What consists of speakers mounted on a pole and the electronics cabinet?
A stack
33
Once ____ is determined, we can identify the stack numbers and their locations
Coverage area
34
What are three things to consider when placing stacks?
- Avoiding obstructions
- Do not place stacks to close to the runway
- Direct the speakers away from reflective objects
35
In regards to height restrictions, you must adhere to what?
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations and Air Force regulations
36
In regards to height restrictions for large installation who must you consult with?
The Engineering and Installation (EI) squadron
37
INWS stacks are ____ with a/an ____ power source.
- Stand-alone
| - Independant
38
When purchasing and INWS, what must you consider?
- Power line failure
- Dead batteries
- Natural disasters
39
What are three characteristics for INWS amplifiers?
- High power
- Low fidelity
- Inexpensive
40
What is an electroacoustic transducers that produce sound in response to an electrical audio signal input?
Speakers
41
Speakers in INWS can handle ____ but tend to have____ and ____
- Massive amounts of power
- Low fidelity
- Low frequency response
42
What is a transducer that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy?
Microphone
43
What is the opposite of a speaker?
Microphone
44
What are two modern control sections?
- Local control
| - Remote control
45
____ have simple to complex ways to control their operation
Modern control sections
46
Where does a dispatcher remotely operate the INWS?
The command station
47
Where is the INWS command station normally located?
The base Command Post
48
What does a warning station contain?
- Amplifiers
- Power sources
- Mast
49
The warning station is also refereed to as a what?
A stack
50
Why might you work on a variety of INWS?
Because there is no set INWS manufacture requirements in AFI 10-2501
51
While there is not standard equipment, all INWS have what?
The same generic controls and indicators
52
What are three INWS manufacturers?
- ATI
- Whelen
- Federal
53
The ____ is made up of numerous stacks of speakers known as a Siren Station?
Whelen System
54
What is the most basic function on all INWS units?
Power on/off
55
____ are any type of electronic equipment that provides an audio signal to the system's speakers
Input devices
56
What are examples of input devices?
- Serial port
- Audio port
- Keypad
57
Which input allows you to connect a computer to the system?
Serial port
58
Which input allows you to plug in a microphone and make voice announcements from the local stack?
Audio port
59
Which input allows you to locally operate the stack?
Station control panel (keypad)
60
An INWS Warning Tone Generator must generate a ____ and ____ tones
- Steady
| - Wavering
61
Every Siren Station (stack) has its own what?
UNIQUE four digit "station address"
62
Using a what, allows us to pick a single
| warning station, a specified group, or all of them?
Siren Station (stack) station address
63
The station address allows you to select what?
An individual or a group of stations
64
The four digit station address contains what?
- Quadrant
- Sector
- Radii
- Station
65
All stations in a system may be accessed by using what?
The wild card (#) for all the address numbers
66
What is the desktop interface used to communicate with every Siren Station?
Encoder
67
What are two types of encoders?
- Hard wired
| - Wireless
68
The Whelen system has how many encoders?
Two
- E-969
- E-2010
69
The encoder's keypad allows access to what?
- Sub-menus
| - Activate alarms
70
The encoder translates key commands in to what?
A 10-digit Dual-Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) audio tone
71
DTMF
Dual-Tone Multi Frequency
72
A 10-digit Dual-Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) consists of what?
- Three-digit system area code
- Four-digit address
- Three-digit command
73
What is a desktop remote interface that automatically translates key presses or stored program commands into a DTMF coded message?
E-969 encoder
74
How many user programmable CALL KEYS are on an E-969 encoder?
Four
75
On an E-969 encoder what do you select to start a programmed sequence?
CALL KEY
76
On an E-969 you are able to cancel the program once it has started. (T/F)
False
77
What does PRECHECK do on an E-969 encoder?
- Acts like an enter button on a computer
| - Allows you to preview a command without actually activating any sirens
78
Pressing SEND on an E-969 encoder will ____ a function
Transmit
79
If you press SEND on an E-969 encoder, is there a second chance or "are you sure" function?
No
80
What are the keys on an E-2010 encoder ?
- CALL KEY
- ENTER
- CANCEL
- ALARM
81
How many user programmable CALL KEYS are on an E-2010 encoder?
62
82
On an E-2010 encoder, how many of the CALL KEYS are "Hot Keys"?
16
83
Is there a PRECHECK function on an E-2010?
No
84
On an E-2010 encoder what functions does CANCEL execute?
- Cancels the CALL KEY
| - Escapes or restarts an operation
85
On an E-2010 encoder pressing the ALARM ACK. button silences the internal alarm buzzer (T/F)
True
86
What shows the charge current flowing into the
| batteries from the charger or regulator?
Ammeter
87
What shows the DC voltage across the batteries?
Voltmeter
88
What shows the status of the system?
Light emitting diode
89
What are two examples of expeditionary systems?
- Technomad Turnkey
| - Technomad Modular
90
____ are simple, complete audio packages that project voice and music at long distances
Technomad Systems
91
On expeditionary controls ____ is useful for troubleshooting to determine if the system is functioning properly
Audio port
92
What combines all inputs into the Technomad System?
The mixer
93
A ____ is a device that combines or “mixes” two or more audio signal inputs to produce a desired single audio output
Mixer
94
Technomad calls the Warning Tone Generator (WTG) a ____
SuperConductor
95
What is a flash RAM player that stores audio files (tones)?
WTG / SuperConductor
96
On a WTG/SuperConductor, how do you select the audio files (tones)?
Using the Rotary Selector on the front of the unit
97
Light emitting diodes show the status of the system and what?
Displays faults within the system if something is wrong
98
What are the components to the Whelen WPS-2800?
- Siren cabinet
- Battery charger
- Intrusion alarm
- Antenna
- Speakers
99
What are the components of the siren cabinet in the Whelen WPS-2800?
- Motherboard
- Control board
- Landline board
- Radio board
- Strobe control board
100
In a Whelen WPS-2800 siren cabinet, what controls all of the systems signal routing and power distribution?
Motherboard
101
In a Whelen WPS-2800 siren cabinet, what controls all of the key functions?
Control board
102
In a Whelen WPS-2800 siren cabinet, what uses regular telephone lines to connect the remote interface to the warning station?
Landline board
103
In a Whelen WPS-2800 siren cabinet, what demodulates the DTMF signal and it routes through the motherboard to the control board for processing?
Radio board
104
In a Whelen WPS-2800 siren cabinet, what controls a pole-mounted strobe light and it optional?
Strobe control board
105
You can install up to ____ ____-watt amplifiers in a siren cabinet
- Ten
| - 400
106
The Whelen WPS-2800 stack operates on ____ ____ VDC batteries
- Two
| - 28
107
The amplifiers in a Whelen WPS-2800 siren cabinet have ____ bandwidth and ____ fidelity
- Low
| - Poor
108
In a Whelen WPS-2800 siren cabinet, what transmits a signal to the control center when someone opens the cabinet door?
Intrusion alarm
109
In a Whelen WPS-2800 siren cabinet the intrusion alarm is an optional feature (T/F)
True
110
____ and ____ are components of the Whelen WPS-2800 that are located OUTSIDE of the siren cabinet
- Poly-shaper
| - Speakers
111
In a Whelen WPS-2800, what prevents charges from entering the siren cabinet?
Poly-phaser
112
The Whelen system stack can have how many speakers?
Ten
113
Each speaker in a Whelen system can handle how many watts?
400 watts
114
In a Whelen system the speaker has its own amplifier (T/F)
True
115
What are the common equipment in expeditionary systems?
- Speakers
- CD player
- Thumb drive
- Mixer
- Land mobile radio interface
116
Technomad speakers are ____ fidelity and provide a ____-mile audio footprint
- High
| - 1-mile
117
Technomad system uses a ____ or ____ to store and play audio files
- Thumb drive
| - SD card
118
In a technomad system, what is used to adjust the levels for microphones, CD players and other external equipment?
The mixer
119
What gives you the capability of using VHF or UHF LMR units to speak through the Technomad system?
Land Mobile Radio (LMR) interface
120
What is a an "all-in-one" public address system?
Technomad turnkey system
121
When you install a ____ in a LMR the system becomes an ____
- SuperConducter
| - INWS
122
Technomad systems you what kind of connectors?
- XLR
| - Neutrik
123
What uses linking kits and output packs to increase its coverage area?
Technomad modular system
124
Which is the transmitting side of the Technomad modular system?
Audio source pack
125
You must have at least one audio source pack when setting up a Technomad modular system (T/F)
True
126
Which is the receiving side of the Technomad modular system?
Output pack
127
In a Technomad modular system you can use multiple what, to increase your coverage area?
Output packs
128
What converts analog audio into Internet Protocol (IP) data?
The encoder
129
What is a LOS radio transceiver that transmits information to multiple locations?
Linking kit
130
What is the LOS range for a linking it?
Up to 30 miles
131
What wirelessly sends live audio to multiple output packs?
Linking kit
132
What are the components of a linking kit?
- Directional antenna
- Omni antenna
- 1u encoder box
133
When using a linking kit, what must be identical?
The first three stets of numbers of the IP address
134
What is the maximum distance of the directional antenna on a linking kit?
30 miles
135
What is the maximum distance of the omni-directional antenna on a linking kit?
22 miles
136
Land mobile radio (LMR) systems provide what?
A fast and convenient method of communication
137
What are the characteristics of a conventional LMR system?
- Operates on fixed channels
- Does not have a controlling device (no computer management)
- Users must select the proper channel
- Used in deployed locations
138
What are the advantages of a conventional LMR system?
- Cost effective
- Easy to maintain
- Limited infrastructure ensures that communication is possible in the event of a catastrophic failure
139
What are the disadvantages of a conventional LMR system?
- Require more frequency allocations for units
| - Only one radio can use one frequency at one time (frequency collision)
140
What are ways to avoid frequency collision?
– Ensure no one is talking on that particular frequency or channel
– If the channel is occupied, wait until the channel is clear before keying the radio to relay a message
– Look for the flashing red LED at the top of the radio: A red light means other users are on that channel
141
Name four methods of communication
- Simplex
- Half duplex, single frequency
- Half duplex, dual frequency
- Full duplex
142
What is the method of communication that occurs in only one preassigned direction?
Simplex
143
What are the advantages of simplex communication?
- Low cost
- Ease of operation
- Simplistic
144
What is a disadvantage of of simplex communication?
Only one-way communications
145
What is the method of communication that communicates in only one direction at a time?
Half duplex single frequency
146
What is an advantage of half duplex single frequency communication?
Ability to transmit and receive on one radio
147
What is a disadvantage of half duplex single frequency communication?
Limited range
148
What is the method of communication that communicates in only one direction at a time, uses two frequencies and requires a repeater?
Half duplex dual frequency
149
What are advantages of half duplex dual frequency communication?
- Ability to transmit and receive on one radio
| - Increased range of operation
150
What are disadvantages of half duplex dual frequency communication?
- More frequency allocations for use
| - Repeater required
151
What is the method of communication that communicates in both directions at the same time, uses two frequencies and requires a repeater?
Full duplex
152
What is an advantage of full duplex communication?
Range of operation increased
153
What are disadvantages of full duplex communication?
- Greater cost
| - Repeater required
154
If a repeater is inoperable, a ____ allows radios to communicate directly to each other
Talk around channel
155
What is the capability to alert certain users in a net without a general broadcast to all users?
Selective signaling
156
What allows you to monitor transmissions on several different channels?
Scanning
157
Who developed a compatibility standard for North
| America known as Project 25 (P25)?
Association of Public-Safety Communications Offcials (APCO)
158
What does Project 25 (P25) do?
Allows multiple government agencies to communicate in emergency situations
159
Over-the-air-rekeying allows you to use what features?
- Remote inhibit
- Remote enable
- Zeroize
- Change-over
160
____ is a handheld device used for loading cryptographic material
KVL-3000
161
What are two common brands of portable LMR equipment?
Motorola and Harris
162
What are the two frequency bands for portable LMRs?
- VHF (transmit power 6 watts)
| - UHF (transmit power 5 watts)
163
What is the portable radio designed for mission-critical applications and is being used to replace the Motorola XTS-5000?
Motorola APX-6000
164
What are the characteristics of a mobile radio?
- Vehicular mounted
- RF power outputs of 20-110 watts
- Increased power and better antenna than portable radios
- Generally limited to vehicles
165
What are the characteristics of a base station radio?
- Fixed transceivers that are installed in a building or in a weatherproof shelter
- Provide increased range over mobile and portable
- Serves as a hub a convention LMR system net
166
What are the characteristics of consolette radios?
- Semi-portable radio that is considered a fixed piece of equipment
– Consist of a power supply and a mobile radio with an external building antenna
– Normally used for dispatch operations
167
What are the characteristics of remote control units?
- Allows you to operate radios from a convienent location
- Range in complexity from simple station controllers to highly complex digital network controller
- Possible to connect more than one remote control to a single base station
168
What is a full duplex transmission device that can transmit and receive simultaneously utilizing two frequencies?
Repeater
169
What are the five LMR topologies?
- Single-site
- Multi-site
- Simulcast
- Multicast
- Voting
170
What are the characteristics of a single-site LMR topology?
- Provides coverage for a small geographical area
- Can contain a base station or a repeater station
- Have a limited coverage are
171
What are the characteristics of a multi-site LMR topology?
- Sites are tied together via hardwire (T1 or telephone) or RF link
- Can utilized voting, simulcast and multi-cast
172
What are the characteristics of a simulcast LMR topology?
- Provides wide-area coverage by keying multiple transmitters simultaneously that shares a common frequency
- Requires careful site setup
- Site overlap can cause ringing or echo
173
What are the characteristics of a multicast LMR topology?
- Uses different frequencies to prevent echoing on the radio
| - Can overlap sites without a problem
174
Which LMR topology has a system with multiple receivers throughout the coverage area that picks up any transmission on the net?
Voting
175
In LMR voting, audio from each of the multiple recievers is fed in to a what?
Voter comparator
176
What is a system that connects several locations to one controller to conserve resources?
Enterprise LMR (ELMR)
177
The ELMR ____ is a computer system made up of sever components such as, ____, ____, ____ and ____ that control the operation of the repeater radios and dispatch consoles
- Core
- Routers
- Switches
- Servers
- Firewalls
178
What are the goals of ELMR?
- Standardize LMR systems
- Streamline operations
- Centralize management
179
What are the benefits of ELMR?
- Enhanced mission effectiveness
- Streamline info technology effectiveness
- Improved security
- Reduced total cost of ownership
