Block C Part 1: Bacteria, Viruses and Parasites

Question 1

What is a pathogen?

Answer 1

An organism that causes disease
(Lecture 1, Slide 3)

Question 2

State 3 ways in which pathogenic effects can vary

Answer 2

Between organisms
Severity
May be acute or chronic
Can effect different parts of the body
Can be restricted to certain populations due to their genetic material
(Lecture 1, Slide 3)

Question 3

How big are virions?

Answer 3

Viruses are sized from 10nm up to 400nm
(Lecture 1, Slide 5)

Question 4

What type of microscope do you need to see a virus?

Answer 4

An electron microscope
(Lecture 1, Slide 4)

Question 5

What forms the core of a virus?

Answer 5

One or two molecules of DNA or RNA
(Lecture 1, Slide 5)

Question 6

What is a capsid?

Answer 6

RNA/DNA enclosed in a protein coat on a virus
(Lecture 1, Slide 5)

Question 7

What is the outer layer of a virus called (if it has one) and what does it contain?

Answer 7

The envelope and it can have lipids, proteins or carbohydrates in it
(Lecture 1, Slide 5)

Question 8

What is a virus particle called?

Answer 8

A virion
(Lecture 1, Slide 5)

Question 9

What is the 1st Stage of the life cycle of a virion?

Answer 9

Extracellular virion enters cell and begins it’s intracellular phase
(Lecture 1, Slide 5)

Question 10

What is the 2nd stage of a life cycle of a virion?

Answer 10

Specific cell target “virus factory” - release virions
(Lecture 1, Slide 5)

Question 11

To combat a virus, what 3 things will you have to control?

Answer 11

Virus particles (virions), Virus infected cells and viral toxins
(Lecture 1, Slide 6)

Question 12

What is measles?

Answer 12

A viral infection caused by infection with the measles virus, an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus
(Lecture 1, Slide 8)

Question 13

How do you become infected with measles?

Answer 13

By inhaling droplets with the virus inside
(Lecture 1, Slide 8)

Question 14

What can measles effect and cause?

Answer 14

It can effect your hearing and throat, and can result in pneumonia, diarrhea, seizures and swelling of the brain
(Lecture 1, Slide 9)

Question 15

What can virus-induced immunosuppression from measles lead to?

Answer 15

It can allow other opportunistic infections to flourish which can lead to the central nervous system being effected, comas, and death
(Lecture 1, Slide 9)

Question 16

What is the primary viraemia of measles?

Answer 16

The virus spreads to regional lymph nodes
(Lecture 1, Slide 10)

Question 17

What is the secondary viraemia of measles?

Answer 17

Virus disseminated to other sites in the body
(Lecture 1, Slide 10)

Question 18

What 5 cells can the measles virus live in?

Answer 18

Dendritic cells, monocytes, lymphocytes, epithelial cells and endothelial cells
(Lecture 1, Slide 10)

Question 19

What size are bacteria?

Answer 19

Microscopic
(Lecture 1, Slide 11)

Question 20

Are bacteria intracellular, extracellular or both?

Answer 20

Both
(Lecture 1, Slide 10)

Question 21

Are bacteria free living or parasitic or both?

Answer 21

Both
(Lecture 1, Slide 10)

Question 22

What are the 3 main shapes of bacteria?

Answer 22

Rod, spherical and spiral
(Lecture 1, Slide 11)

Question 23

Are Bacteria prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

Answer 23

Prokaryotes
(Lecture 1, Slide 11)

Question 24

Where is the DNA in a bacteria located?

Answer 24

In the cytoplasm
(Lecture 1, Slide 11)

Question 25

What size are fungi and their spores?

Answer 25

Fungi are visible to the human eye but their spores are microscopic (Lecture 1, Slide 15)

Question 26

What do fungi produce?

Answer 26

They produce fruiting bodies (Lecture 1, Slide 15)

Question 27

What do fungi spores do?

Answer 27

Spores germinate to produce a mycelium (Lecture 1, Slide 15)

Question 28

How are fungi spores dispersed?

Answer 28

They are dispersed by wind/animals (Lecture 1, Slide 15)

Question 29

What 3 things must the immune response must control to combat a fungi?

Answer 29

Budding yeast cells, Pseudohyphae and Hyphae (Lecture 1, Slide 18)

Question 30

What 4 ways can parasitic infections vary?

Answer 30

Can be multi or unicellular Can be intra or extracellular Can vary in size Can live in various locations (Lecture 1, Slide 24)

Question 31

What causes a parasitic infection?

Answer 31

When the immune system cannot control the parasite (Lecture 1, Slide 24)

Question 32

What are the 3 different routes a parasite infect by?

Answer 32

They can infect by using active mechanisms, use an intermediate host, or use a vector (Lecture 1, Slide 26)

Question 33

How can intracellular parasites kill cells?

Answer 33

They can kill by activating or eliminating the infected cell (Lecture 1, Slide 27)

Question 34

How do you kill gut extracellular parasites?

Answer 34

Need to be expelled (Lecture 1, Slide 28)

Question 35

How do you kill tissue parasites?

Answer 35

They need to be damaged and broken down (Lecture 1, Slide 28)

Question 36

What does the killing of extracellular parasites require?

Answer 36

Co-operation between a range of cells and other mechanisms (Lecture 1, Slide 28)

Question 37

What are the 2 impacts of hookworms?

Answer 37

They impair the physical and intellectual development of children and effect economic development of communities (Lecture 1, Slide 37)

Question 38

What do fruiting bodies produce?

Answer 38

Spores (Lecture 1, Slide 15)