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Embryo first semester 23-24 > block III: Development of cardiovascular system (conf 1) > Flashcards

block III: Development of cardiovascular system (conf 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major system to function in the embryo?

A

Cardiovascular system

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2
Q

Where is the heart developed from?

A
  1. splanchnic mesoderm
  2. paraxial and lateral mesoderm
  3. neural crest cells
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3
Q

When does the heart start to function?

A

beginning of 4th week

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4
Q

When does future heart and vascular system start to develop?

A

middle of 3rd week

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5
Q

Why is the development of heart necessary during early embryonic period?

A

To meet embryonic demands for oxygen and nutrition (acquiring oxygen and nutrition from the maternal blood and disposing CO2 and waste products).

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6
Q

What is the earliest sign of heart?

A

angioblastic cords

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7
Q

What are angioblastic cords?

A

mesoderm agrupations bilateral, surge in 3rd week (paired endothelial strands)

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8
Q

Where do angiogenic cords form?

A

form in mesoderm from inductive signals from underlying anterior endoderm (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors = VEGFs)

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9
Q

What does the angiogenic cords form?

A

Cords canalize to form heart tubes, which fuse to form the tubular heart late in the 3rd week

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10
Q

How many tubes does the aorta have and how do they occur?

A

2 tubes (2 hearts); dorsal aorta. Tubes fuse due to lateral folds; aortas dont fuse, just the tubes.

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11
Q

Where is the cardiogenic system located in the beginning?

A

in front of developing NS in development

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12
Q

When does heart begin to beat?

A

22-23 days

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13
Q

When does blood flow begin?

A

4th week

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14
Q

What fuses?

A

the tubes; not the aortas, the aortas remain as 2

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15
Q

Where do the aortas unite?

A

At the caudal end but they remain being 2

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16
Q

Which are the 3 vein systems of a 4 week embryo?

A

-vitelline veins
-umbilical veins
-common cardinal veins

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17
Q

What is the function of the vitelline veins?

A

return O2-poor blood from the yolk sac (comes from yolk sac, not from mom)

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18
Q

What is the function of umbilical veins?

A

carry O2-rich blood from the future placenta.

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19
Q

What is the function of common cardinal veins?

A

return O2-poor blood from the body of the embryo to the heart of the embryo.

20
Q

What is the primary site of hematopoiesis at 4 weeks old?

A

Yolk sac; This function is replaced by the liver starting around week 6 – 22 (eventually replaced by bone marrow).

21
Q

What causes 2 heart tubes to fuse?

A

lateral foldings

22
Q

What results in only one heart tube?

A

Lateral folding process making the cylindrical shape fuse the heart tubes

23
Q

What is analog to vena cava?

A

sinus venosus

24
Q

explain pathway of blood?

A

entra la sangre al seno venoso, luego pasa por el atrio primitivo, luego al ventriculo primitivo, luego pasa al bulbous cordis, luego pasa al tronco arterioso y luego al aortic sac. Del saco aortico sale a sus dos aortas dorsales

25
Q

explain the connection or anastomosis of the aortic sac with dorsal aorta

A

aortic sac connects to dorsal aorta by means of the pharyngeal arch arteries (5 arteries, la 5ta no existe)

26
Q

How many arches are there and name them

A

5; (1, 2, 3, 4, 6)

27
Q

How many pharyngeal arch arteries are present by 26 days?

A

1st to 3rd

28
Q

When does pharyngeal arteries 3, 4, 6 appear?

A

37 days; 1 and 2 disappear to turn into permanent structures

29
Q

What does the 1st pair of arch arteries turn to?

A

maxillary arteries (supply ears, teeth, and muscles of the eye and face); these aortic arches may also contribute to the formation of the external carotid arteries.

30
Q

What does the 2nd arch turn to?

A

Hyoidal/Stapedial artery; dorsal parts persist and form the stems of the stapedial
arteries (these vessels run through the ring of the stapes which is a small bone in the middle ear).

31
Q

What does the 3rd arch turn to?

A

Common Carotid artery -> proximal part of internal carotid artery

proximal parts form the common carotid arteries (supply structures in the head); distal parts join the dorsal aortae to form the internal carotid arteries (supply
ears, orbit, brain and meninges).

32
Q

WHat other structure contributes to the formation of the internal carotid artery?

A

dorsal aorta

33
Q

What does the 4th arch turn to?

A

Right -> proximal part of R. Subclavian artery, Left -> Aortic Arch

34
Q

from what does the proximal and distal part of the 4th aortic arch develop?

A

proximal is from aortic sac and the distal part is derived from the left dorsal aorta

35
Q

where does the distal part of the right subclavian artery form from?

A

right dorsal aorta and right 7th intersegmental artery.

36
Q

Which arteries contribute to the right subclavian artery?

A

4th aortic arch, dorsal aorta, and right intersegmental artery 7th

37
Q

What does the 5th aortic arch turn to?

A

these become rudimentary vessels that soon degenerate or do not develop at all.

38
Q

What does the LEFT 6th aortic arch turn to?

A

The proximal part of the arch persists as the proximal part of the left pulmonary artery.

The distal part passes from the left pulmonary artery to the dorsal aorta to form a shunt, the ductus arteriosus

39
Q

What does the RIGTH 6th aortic arch turn to?

A
  • Proximal part persists as the proximal part of the right pulmonary artery.
  • The distal part degenerates.
40
Q

Where does left subclavian derive from?

A

The left subclavian artery is NOT derived from an aortic arch; it forms
from the left 7th intersegmental artery.

As development proceeds, differential growth shifts the origin of the left subclavian artery cranially; consequently, it comes to lie close to the origin of the left common carotid artery

41
Q

What does ductus arteriosus connect? and what does it do?

A

pulmonary artery with aorta; Bypass so that blood oxygenated from mom go thru embryo circulation; turns into the ligamentum arteriosum after birth

42
Q

Where does Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve come from?

A

ramification of vagus nerve

43
Q

Where does BOTH recurrent laryngeal nerve pass through at 6 weeks?

A

below arch 6th

44
Q

what happens to the right laryngeal nerve when distal portion of right arch 6 degenerates?

A

below arch 4, due to the 5th not being present

45
Q

where does left recurrent laryngeal nerve pass through after birth?

A

through ligamentum arteriosum

46
Q

where does right recurrent laryngeal nerve pass through after birth?

A

below right subclavian artery

Embryo first semester 23-24 (9 decks)

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