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Embryo first semester 23-24 > Block II develop of body cavities > Flashcards

Block II develop of body cavities Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the cardiogenic region?

A

Cardiogenic region is rostral in the trilaminar disc, but moves ventro-caudally (“below head”)

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2
Q

identify

A

19 day embryo - dorsal view

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3
Q

Where is the head located first?

A

Heart is above head first; ventro caudal movement

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4
Q

identify

A

no fused spaces, 20 day embryo dorsal view

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5
Q

The intraembryonic mesoderm has subdivisions:

A

lateral plate mesoderm
intermediate mesoderm
paraxial mesoderm
coelomic spaces

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6
Q

What is the U-shaped, horse shoe?

A

intraembryonic coelom is formed (is not a space)

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7
Q

of what is the intraembryonic coleom composed of?

A

composed of somatic and splanchnic mesoderm

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8
Q

splanchnic mesoderm is adjacent to?

A

layer of endoderm

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9
Q

somatic mesoderm is adjacent to?

A

layer of ectoderm

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10
Q

What will the intraembyonic coelom be?

A

future embryonic body cavity

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11
Q

What constitutes the future pericardial cavity?

A

the bend in the intraembryonic coelom at the cranial end of the embryo

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12
Q

WHat constitutes the future pleural and periotoneal cavity?

A

lateral edged of the intraembryonic coelom

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13
Q

identify

A
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14
Q

Explain the position of the coeloms and its importance

A

The intraembryonic coelom is continuous with the extreaembryonic coelom at the
lateral edges of the embryonic disc. This is an important communication because most of the midgut herniates through this communication into the umbilical cord, where it develops into most of the small intestine and part of the large intestine (the coelom provides room for the organs to develop and move).

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15
Q

What do the lateral extensions of the intraembryonic coelom (primordial embryonic body cavity) do?

A

are brought together on the ventral aspect of the embryo, completely separating the intra and extraembryonic coelom

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16
Q

What do the lateral folds encapsulate?

A

gut

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17
Q

Explains what happens when the cranial/caudal embryonic folds happen?

A

During the formation of the head fold, the heart and pericardial cavity move ventrocaudally, anterior to the foregut

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18
Q

What happens as a result of the ventrocaudal movement of the pericardial cavity?

A

the pericardial cavity opens into the pericardioperitoneal canals, which pass dorsal to the foregut.

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19
Q

What does the intraembryonic coelom gives rise to in the 4th week?

A

a pericardial cavity, two pericardioperitoneal canals and a large peritoneal cavity

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20
Q

what is the septum trasversum?

A

messenchymal cells that form membrane into infold. a thick plate of mesoderm that
occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and the omphaloenteric duct

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21
Q

Where does pericardial cavity extend to?

A

around heart, continues with peritoneal cavity

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22
Q

Another name for pericardioperitoneal canal?

A

pleura

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23
Q

How many aortas does an embryo have?

A

2

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24
Q

What does future parietal peritoneum does?

A

covers cavity where organs are

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25
Q

What does future visceral peritoneum does?

A

covers the organ

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26
Q

By what are parietal and visceral walls covered?

A

mesothelium

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27
Q

Where does parietal wall mesothelium derive from?

A

somatic mesoderm

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28
Q

Where does visceral wall mesothelium derive from?

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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29
Q

What are regions?

A

cavities + organs

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30
Q

What do coelomic walls give rise to?

A

mediastinum, retroperitoneal and pelvic regions

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31
Q

What does the coelomic give rise to?

A

body cavities

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32
Q

What does the future mediastinum region give rise to?

A

esophagus and larger vessels

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33
Q

What does the future retroperitoneal region give rise to?

A

kidneys, pancreas and adrenal glands

34
Q

What does the future pelvic region give rise to?

A

reproductive organs

35
Q

What is the dorsal/ventral mesentery?

A

bilayer of peritoneum that surrounds the liver and the heart at 4th week. It degrades and only surrounds the GI tract

36
Q

The dorsal/ventral mesentery is an extension of?

A

visceral peritoneum covering an organ

37
Q

What does the dorsal and ventral mesentery connects?

A

It connects the organ to the body wall and conveys its vessels and nerves

38
Q

identify

A
39
Q

What is the main fucntion of mesenteries?

A

irrigacion and innervation

39
Q

Explain the progression of the mesenteries

A

The dorsal and ventral mesenteries divide the peritoneal cavity temporarily into right and left halves; the ventral mesentery soon disappears, except where it is attached to the caudal part of the foregut (future
stomach and proximal part of the duodenum). The peritoneal cavity then becomes a continuous space.

40
Q

Explain the arterial supply of the mesenteries

A

The arterial supply to the primordial gut (which passes between the layers of the dorsal mesentery) are:

-the celiac trunk (foregut),
-superior mesenteric artery (midgut)
-inferior mesenteric artery (hindgut).

41
Q

identify

A

add* superior mesenteric artery

42
Q

Where do pleuras originate?

A

fold of messenchymal tissue (pleuropericardial folds and pleuroperitoneal folds)

43
Q

What divides the embryonic body cavity?

A

pleuropericardial fold
pleuroperitoneal fold
(present of both sides)

44
Q

what lies above the pleuropericardial fold?

A

pericardial cavity

45
Q

what lies below the pleuroperitoneal fold?

A

peritoneal cavity

46
Q

What lies between both pleuroperitoneal and pleuropericardial folds?

A

primitive pleura (space, no longer a canal)

47
Q

What does the lungs do to the septum transversum?

A

as they grow they push down the septum transversum; septum transversum will eventually be a component of the diaphragm

48
Q

What do lungs divide?

A

messenchyme from body wall

49
Q

where does pleuroperitoneal and pleuropericardial flds come fro?

A

body wall, divide messenchyme from body wall

50
Q

What are the divisions of the pleural cavities?

A

an outer layer that becomes the thoracic wall and an inner layer (the pleuropericardial membrane) that becomes the fibrous pericardium (outer layer of the pericardial sac that encloses the heart)

51
Q

What happens with pleuropericardial folds?

A

Pleuorpericardial fold moves caudally as developing lungs expand, and eventually becomes the fibrous pericardium engulfing the heart. septum transversum descends.

52
Q

What happens with the pleuropericardial membranes by week 7th?

A

the pleuropericardial membranes fuse with the mesenchyme ventral to the esophagus, forming the primordial
mediastinum and separating the pericardial cavity from the pleural cavities.

53
Q

What happens to the pleuroperitoneal fold during the 6th week?

A

During the 6th week, they extend
ventromedially until their free edges
fuse with the dorsal mesentery of the
esophagus and septum transversum. This separates the pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity.

54
Q

What is the septum transversum compsed of?

A

composed of mesodermal tissue, is the future central tendon of the diaphragm.

54
Q

what are the 4 origins of the embryonic diaphragm?

A
  1. septum transversum
  2. pleuroperitoneal membranes
  3. dorsal mesentery of esophagus
  4. lateral body walls
55
Q

Where is the septum transversum located?

A

It is located caudal to the pericardial cavity and partially separates it from the developing peritoneal cavity

56
Q

Explain the transformation of the septum transversum

A

to the pericardial cavity and partially separates it from the developing peritoneal cavity. After ventral folding of the head (4th week), it forms a thick, incomplete partition (where pericardioperitoneal canals lie) between the pericardial and abdominal cavities. It then expands and fuses with the dorsal mesentery of the esophagus and the pleuroperitoneal membranes.

57
Q

With what does the pleuroperitoneal membrane fuse?

A

they fuse with the dorsal mesentery of the esophagus and the septum transversum. This completes the separation between thoracic and abdominal cavities and forms the primordial diaphragm

58
Q

With what does the dorsal mesentery of esophagus fuse?

A

fuses with the septum transversum and the pleuroperitoneal membranes; this mesentery becomes the median portion of the diaphragm

59
Q

what does the dorsal mesentery becomes?

A

Crura of the diaphragm – leg-like pair of muscle bundles that cross in the median plane anterior to the aorta; they develop from myoblasts that grow into the
dorsal mesentery of the esophagus.

60
Q

Explain the diaphragm development from lateral walls

A

During the 9th to 12th weeks, the lungs and pleural cavities enlarge into the lateral body walls. During the process, the body-wall tissue splits into an external layer, that becomes part of the definite abdominal wall, and an internal layer that contributes muscle tissue to peripheral portions of the diaphragm

61
Q

What is the costodiaphragmatic recesses?`

A

Further extension of the developing pleural cavities into the lateral body walls forms the right and left costodiaphragmatic recesses (gives dome-shaped configuration of the diaphragm)
flexibility

62
Q

The majority of the diaphragm is innervated by?

A

phrenic nerve

63
Q

explain the Positional changes of diaphragm during the 4th week

A

the septum transversum, prior to its descent with the heart, lies opposite the 3rd to 5th cervical somites. During the 5th week, myoblasts (future muscle cells) from these somites migrate into the developing
diaphragm, bringing their nerve fibers with them [frenico baja con diafragma]

64
Q

explain the iinervation of the diaaphragm

A

The phrenic nerves, that supply motor innervation to the diaphragm, arise
from the ventral primary rami of the 3rd, 4th and 5th cervical nerves; they also
supply sensory fibers (afferent) to the superior and inferior surfaces of the right and leftdomes of the diaphragm.

65
Q

What other regions have sensory supply?

A

Costal border of diaphragm receives sensory fibers from the lower intercostal
nerves because of origin from lateral body walls (intercostal muscles).

66
Q

When does the the dorsal part of the diaphragm lies at the L1 level?

A

8th week early

67
Q

what are the two sensory supplies of the diapragm?

A

phrenic and lower intercostal nerves

68
Q

usually referred to as Bochodalek?

A

Posterolateral Defect of the Diaphragm

69
Q

Explain Posterolateral Defect of the Diaphragm

A

Occurs in about 1:2200 newborn infants and is associated with CDH, or herniation of abdominal contents (often includes the
stomach, spleen, and most of the intestines) into the thoracic cavity

70
Q

What are the effects of Posterolateral Defect of the Diaphragm?

A

-Life-threatening breathing difficulties may be associated due to the inhibition of
development and inflation of the lungs. Fetal lung maturation can also be delayed; CDH is the most common cause of pulmonary hypoplasia (pulmon no se desarrolla bien).

-Polyhydramnios (excess amniotic fluid) may also be present

-Not compatible with life

71
Q

What does Posterolateral Defect of the Diaphragm result from?

A

Results from defective formation or fusion of the pleuroperitoneal membrane with
the other parts of the diaphragm during the end of the 6th week of development;
large opening in the posterolateral region of the diaphragm produces a continuous
connection between the peritoneal and pleural cavities

72
Q

diagnosis of PDD?

A

Prenatal diagnosis of CDH depends on ultrasound and magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) of the abdominal organs in the thorax.

73
Q

Why do babies with PDD die?

A

Most babies born with CDH die not because there is a defect in the diaphragm, but because the lungs are hypoplastic secondary to compression during development.

If severe lung hypoplasia is present, some primordial alveoli may rupture, causing
air to enter to the pleural cavity (pneumothorax).

74
Q

identify

A

Posterolateral Defect of the Diaphragm CDH

75
Q

What is Eventration of the Diaphragm?

A

Uncommon condition of diaphragmatic eventration, half the diaphragm has defective musculature, causing it to invade the thoracic cavity as a membranous sheet, forming a diaphragmatic pouch.

76
Q

What does Eventration of diaphragm result in?

A

This congenital anomaly results mainly from failure of muscular tissue from the lateral body wall to extend into the pleuroperitoneal membrane on the affected side {no muscle, failure in 4th folding, so weak that visceras can push}

77
Q

Is eventration treatable?

A

Can be treated with physical therapy or surgery called diaphragmatic plication

78
Q

By what is the closure of the pleuroperitoneal openings completed?

A

migration of myoblasts (primordial muscle cells) into the pleuroperitoneal opening

79
Q
A

Embryo first semester 23-24 (9 decks)

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