Block1b

Question 1

Vancomycin and Teicoplanin are what?

Answer 1

Glycopeptides

Question 2

Vancomycin does not go where, can enter bone, has therapeutic concentrations when the meninges are inflammed

Answer 2

CSF

Question 3

Clostridium difficile has what drug against it?

Answer 3

Metronidazole

Question 4

Name problems that results from Vancomycin, it should not be given how?

Answer 4

Intramusculary, Ototoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, Red Man Syndrome (Type I HSR)

Question 5

What drugs can be given if Vancomycin resistant happens?

Answer 5

Linezolid and Quinupristin/Daflopristin

Question 6

What drug inhibits cell wall synthesis, active against various Gram + bacteria, only topical because it can be toxic to the kidneys?

Answer 6

Bacitracin

Question 7

Fosfomycin, inhibits what? Ok during pregnancy, active against gram positive and negative

Answer 7

Bacterial cell wall synthesis, oral preparations are available

Question 8

What drug causes dose related central nervous system toxicity, treats TB?
Inhibits incorporation of _________ into peptidoglycan pentapeptide

Answer 8

Cycloserine

D-alanine

Question 9

Daptomycin has what ADR? Active against what strains?

What is the mechanism of Daptomycin?

Answer 9

Myopathy, Vancomycin Resistant

Binds to the cell membrane and depolarizes membrane, binds to phosphotidaylglycerol (IDR)

Question 10

What is cystitis?

Answer 10

Infection of the bladder

Question 11

No drugs cross the CNS except what?

Answer 11

Cefuroxime

Question 12

Plague and Brucellosis is treated with what drugs (name 2)?

Answer 12

Streptomycin and Doxycycline

Question 13

TB and Tularemia is treated with what drug?

Answer 13

Streptomycin

Question 14

What Drug combination is used for Pseudomonal infections?

Answer 14

Tobracyclin plus an antipseudomonal penicillin (Piperacillin and Ticarcillin)

Question 15

What drug combination would work with an entercoccus infection?

Answer 15

Gentamyocin/Streptomycin and ampicilin/penicilinG or Vancomycin

Question 16

What two drug classes go after the 30S subunit via bacterial translation?

Answer 16

Tetracycline and Aminoglycosides

Question 17

What endings do the aminoglycosides have?

What endings do the tetracyclines have?

Answer 17

• mycin, -in (aminoglycosides)

- cyclines

Question 18

True or False: Tetracyclines are broad spectrum?

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Neissera, H. Pylori, H. Ducrei, Brucella, and V. cholerae can be stopped by what?

Answer 19

Tetracyclines

Question 20

What drug class is preferred against Mycoplasma?

Answer 20

Tetracyclines

Question 21

What tetracyclines are completely absorbed?

How is absorption impaired?

Answer 21

Minocycline, Doxycycline

Dairy Foods and antacids

Question 22

What drug is eliminated by the liver, best overall tetracycline, helpful with prostatitis?

Answer 22

Doxycycline

Question 23

What tetracycline is useful in eliminating meningococcal state? But what drug is preferred?

Answer 23

Minocycline, but like Rifampin

Question 24

What is the drug of choice for chylamida and Rickettsaie?

Tetracyclines are first line drugs for Mycoplasma pneumonia and what else?

Answer 24

Doxycycline

Lyme Disease (Spirochete)

Question 25

What is the drug of choice for Plague (Yersenia pestis)?

Answer 25

Streptomycin (Aminoglycoside, attacks 30S subunit)

Question 26

What drug is used for Brucellosis and decrease bacterial shedding (cholera), and Granuloma inguinale?

Answer 26

Doxycycline

Question 27

What are therapeutic uses for tetracyclines?

Answer 27

H. pylori, chronic bronchitis, and malaria

Question 28

What is an adverse drug effect of tetracycline in children (less than 9 years old)? Can give in pregnancy?

Answer 28

Tooth enamel dysplasia | Cannot give in pregnancy

Question 29

What drug causes Diabetes insipidus? | What is another renal problem via outdated preparations?

Answer 29

demeclocyclin Fanconi syndrome

Question 30

What are two adverse effects of tetracyclines?

Answer 30

Phototoxicity and Pseudomembranous colitis (super infections, higher with tetracyclines)

Question 31

What two tetracyclines cause Hepatotoxicity?

Answer 31

Oxytetracycline and tetracycline

Question 32

What tetracycline drugs cause vestibular toxicity (reversible)?

Answer 32

Minocycline and doxycycline

Question 33

Is tetracycline a bacterial-static or bacterialsidic?

Answer 33

Bacterial-static

Question 34

What type of drugs are the -thromycin? What type of drugs are -mycin?

Answer 34

Macrolides | Aminoglycosides

Question 35

What two drug classes bind to the 30 ribosomal subunit?

Answer 35

Aminoglycosides (-mycin), tetracyclines (-cyclines)

Question 36

What drug is called a ketolide? What drugs are called macrolides?

Answer 36

Telithromycin | Erythromycin, Clarithomycin, Roxithromycin, Azithromycin

Question 37

Erythromycin was what shortcomings? | Replaced by what drugs?

Answer 37

Poor bio-availability, frequent dosing, poor GI tolerability, not that great with H. influenzae Clathiromycin and Azthyromicin

Question 38

What is the mechanism of action with macrolides?

Answer 38

inhibits aminoacyl translocation and the formation of initiation complexes

Question 39

What macrolide inhibits Gram positive, Gram negative, and other typical organisms?

Answer 39

Erythromycin

Question 40

What macrolide fights M. avium, H. pylori?

Answer 40

Clarithromycin

Question 41

Diptheria (over 14 days), Bordetella Pertussis, Mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydial infections, and syphilis are treated by what macrolide? Binds to what receptors in the GI, increases GI motility?

Answer 41

Erythromyicn Motilin Receptors

Question 42

What macrolide is used to fight community acquired pneumonia, pharynigitis, skin infections, and chlamyidal infections?

Answer 42

Azithromycin, really like single dose here

Question 43

Macrolides are really good for patients that have what allergy?

Answer 43

Penicillin allergy

Question 44

What are the adverse effects of macrolides?

Answer 44

Epigastric distress, cholestatic jaundice (estolate), and prolong QT interval and arrhythmias

Question 45

Erythromycin and Clarithromycin inhibit what enzymes?

Answer 45

CYP450

Question 46

Theophylline, Warfarin, Terfenadine, Astemizole, Carbamazepine, cyclosporine are inhibited via the metabolism of what drugs? What drug levels are increased via these drug breakdowns?

Answer 46

Erythromycin and Clarithromycin Digoxin, increasing the reabsorption via enterohepatic circulation

Question 47

What drug has Pseudomembranous colitis as a severe drug reaction?

Answer 47

Clindamycin

Question 48

What drug works against anaerobes, not a macrolide, with bacteroides fragilis, toxoplasmosis, and fighting osteomyelitis?

Answer 48

Clindamycin, narrow spectrum

Question 49

What drug binds to 50S ribosomal subunit and blocks the action of peptidyl transferase and thus prevents amino acid incorporation into newly formed peptides?

Answer 49

Chloramphenicol

Question 50

What drug treats meningococcal meningitis, bacterocide infections in combination with penicillin (brain infection), Rickettsial diseases, Typhoid fever - Salmonella, Haemophilus infections, Mycoplasma infections? What are the bad side effects?

Answer 50

Chloramphenicol Bone marrow suppression (aplastic anemia) and Gray Baby syndrome

Question 51

Linezolid binds to what? What are the main reasons to use this drug?

Answer 51

50S subunit and prevents the 70S subunit formation VRSA and VRE, drug resistant pneumococci, Myobacterium Tuberculosis

Question 52

What are the adverse effects of Linezolid?

Answer 52

Thrombocytopenia and inhibits MAO (dont eat tyramine food) a derivative of tyrosine foods

Question 53

What are drug has two subunits that is reserved for VRE, MRSA, and multi-drug resistant streptococci? Bind to what part? Bactericidal long what _____________

Answer 53

post-antibiotic effect

Question 54

Q/D is available through what route? Inhibits what? Has what adverse effects

Answer 54

Parenteral route Inhibits cytochrome P450 Thrombophlebitis, hyperbilirubinemia, arthralgia, and myalgia (joint pain and muscle pain)

Question 55

What medication is a direct inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis? What is the mechanism of action? What type of species does the medication work against?

Answer 55

Quinolones Gyrase (Topoisomerase II) Gram negative

Question 56

What is the primary quinolone medication? | What are the adverse medications?

Answer 56

Nalidixic Acid Neurological Toxicity: Seizures Hemolysis in Glucose 6-phosphate deficiency patients

Question 57

What ending do Fluroquinolones have? | What fluroquinolone is not used due to hepatic toxicity?

Answer 57

-Floxacin | Trovafloxacin

Question 58

Fluroquinolones are concentration dependent killing and rely on what kind of an effect?

Answer 58

Post antibiotic effect

Question 59

What do fluroquinolones inhibit?

Answer 59

DNA gyrase

Question 60

Typhoid fever, UTI (resistant to cotrimoxazole), Gastroenteritis, skin, soft tissues, bone infections, upper/lower respiratory tract infections?

Answer 60

Fluroquinolones, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin

Question 61

What three therapeutic uses are there for ciprofloxacin?

Answer 61

Anthrax, Gonorrhea, and TB

Question 62

What ADR are there for Fluoroquinolones?

Answer 62

Cartilage damage, tendonitis, photoxicity, CNS, Liver Failure, and long QT interval