Block3 Lecture4 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the 3 types of nebulizers discussed?
1) biomechanical, 2) jet, 3) ultrasonic
how does a standard/conventional jet nebulizer work?
continual generation of aerosol
How does a breath-assisted/open-vent jet nebulizer work?
enhances generation of aerosol upon inhaling
How does a breath-activated/dosimetric jet nebulizer work?
generates aerosol only upon inhaling
For what ages of children should a full-face mask be used?
less than 4
Portable jet nebulizers are generally for children aged?
9 plus
which nebulizers do not require hand-lung coordination?
jet and ultrasonic
which nebulizer gives the smallest droplets?
ultrasonic
what are the disadvantages to an ultrasonic nebulizer?
cost, temperature control, oxidation
what is contained in an MDI?
drug particles suspended in volatile liquid propellant
What velocity does an MDI generate at the nozzle?
30 to 50 m/s
What is the particle size given by an MDI at 10 cm (the throat)?
12 microns
At what distance is the propellant completely evaporated from an MDI plume?
25 cm
Describe the emitted contents of an MDI?
drug and propellant
What is the velocity of an MDI plume at 10 cm?
10 m/s
What propellants are generally used in MDIs?
HFAs
Approximately how much drug from an MDI plume ends up in the lung?
20 percent
describe an open tube spacer.
the simplest design; sole function to increase distance
What brand is an open tube spacer?
AeroChamber
Describe a reservoir spacer.
aerosol directed into a chamber that holds the plume
What brand is a reservoir spacer?
InspirEase
Describe a reversed flow spacer.
plume directed against inhalation flow for increased propellant evaporation, completely breath activated
What is the general function of a spacer?
increase distance between nozzle and oropharynx to allow propellant evaporation, smallest particle size, and better hand-lung coordination by decreasing velocity
What are 3 DPI designs?
twisthaler/turbuhaler, spiriva handihaler, diskus
