Blood 1

Question 1

Blood is :

Answer 1

A connective tissue composed of cellular elements suspended in an extensive fluid matrix that circulates the CV system

Question 2

Plasma proteins are the primary difference between

Answer 2

Plasma and the interstitial fluid

Question 3

erythrocytes are

Answer 3

Red blood cells
-have a lot of them

Question 4

Leukocytes are

Answer 4

White blood cells
-low amount of them
-includes lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 5

Thrombocytes are

Answer 5

Platelets
-low amount

Question 6

Total blood Volume:

Answer 6

Around 7-8% of total body weight, about 4-5L
70mL/ 1kg females, 80mL/kg males

Question 7

Hematocrit

Answer 7

40-45% of blood volume
-fraction of the total column occupied by RBCs

Question 8

Buffy Coat

Answer 8

WBCs and platelets
<1%

Question 9

Plasma

Answer 9

55-60%
-pale white solution of electrolytes, plasma proteins, CHOs, lipids

Question 10

Difference in RBCs between male and female is due to

Answer 10

Males have more testosterone which stimulates RBC production and carries more hemoglobin which the iron in it attaches and carries more O2

Question 11

Hematopoieses

Answer 11

Production of blood cells
-happens in bone marrow in pelvis, spine, ribs cranium, proximal ends of long bones
-begins with hematopoietic stem cell (produces)
-lineage development guided by cytokines (cell signalling molecules)

Question 12

Cytokines

Answer 12

Proteins or peptides released from one cell that affect growth or activity in another cell
-guides hematopoiesis

Question 13

Erythropoiesis

Answer 13

RBC production
-by Erythropoietin in kidney cells
-stimulated by low oxygen

Question 14

Leukopoiesis

Answer 14

Leukocyte (WBC) production
-by Colony- stimulating Factors inn endothelium, fibroblasts of bone marrow, leukocytes
-all types of blood cells, mobilizes hematopoietic cells

Question 15

Thrombopoiesis

Answer 15

Thrombocyte (platelet) production
-driven by thrombopoietin in the liver
-influences megakaryocytes (platelets)

Question 16

RBCs/ Eryhtrocytes are the most

Answer 16

Abundant cell type in blood
-about a 4 month lifespan
-distinctive shape increases surface to volume ratio, decreases diffusion distance

Question 17

RBCs Three Major Tasks:

Answer 17

1. Carrying O2 from lungs to systemic tissue
2. Carrying CO2 from tissues to lungs
3. Assisting in the buffering of acids and bases

Question 18

The disk shape of RBCs allow them to

Answer 18

Squeeze through capillaries
Respond to osmotic changes
Provide evidence of disease

Question 19

RBCs mainly consist of

Answer 19

Hemoglobin
-the O2 transport proteins
-about 96%of dry weight
-other 4% of RBCs are cytoskeleton proteins and transmembrane proteins

Question 20

Globin proteins:

Answer 20

Most are alpha and beta
-fetus is alpha gamma
Delta

Question 21

70% of what in the body is found in heme groups of hemoglobin

Answer 21

Iron!
-each heme group can bind one O2 molecule, so each hemoglobin having 4 heme groups can carry 4 O2

Question 22

WBCs (leukocytes) defend against

Answer 22

Infections

Question 23

WBCS are grouped into 2 major groups

Answer 23

Granulocytes
Non-granule containing lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 24

Granulocytes

Answer 24

Contain cytoplasmic granules -little vesicles that are visible under microscope
-contain substances or lysosomes
-brief lifespan in blood, <12 hours, but if activated can migrate into tissues for longer time

Question 25

Granulocytes 3 Classes: Neutrophil

Answer 25

1. Neutrophil: most abundant, granules with lysosomal enzymes capable of digesting foreign material (phagocytosis), then broken down by lysosomes

Question 26

Granulocytes 3 classes: Eosinophil

Answer 26

2. Eosinophil: granules contain major basic protein (MBP)- toxic to parasites and other enzymes -important in response to virus’s and in allergic reactions (exocytosis)

Question 27

Granulocytes 3 classes: Basophil

Answer 27

Basophil: least common -granules contain histamine, heparin, and proxidase -play a role in allergic reactions

Question 28

Non Granule Containing Lymphocytes and Monocytes 2 groups:

Answer 28

Lymphocytes: 2nd most abundant after erythrocytes :t-lympho and b-lympho for adaptive immunity Monocytes: spend life in peripheral tissues developing into macrophages to: Phagocytosis of pathogens or cellular debris, and Present antigens to lymphocytes

Question 29

T- Lymphocytes (T-Cells) responsible for:

Answer 29

70-80% of all lymphocytes and for cell mediated immunity -doesn’t involve antibodies

Question 30

B- Lymphocytes (B-Cells) responsible for:

Answer 30

Humoral immunity -make antibodies to antigens -antibodies neutralize or delete them