Cardiovascular 1

Question 1

What is contraction of smooth muscle initiated by

Answer 1

Depolarization of APs (initiated or spontaneous), and graded potential
-activated by stretch ligands which sense the stretch

Question 2

What does a unicellular organism do

Answer 2

Allows each cell to undergo transport with the external environment

Question 3

An increase in distance of a vessel means

Answer 3

Diffusion will go down

Question 4

The CV system provides a concentration gradient…

Answer 4

From the blood to cells for nutrients and in the opposite direction for waste

Question 5

Primary role of the circulatory system

Answer 5

The distribution of dissolved gases and other molecules for nutrition, growth and repair, while at the same time removing cellular wastes

Question 6

3 Basic functional parts of a circulatory system

Answer 6

1. Heart
2. Blood
3. Capillaries

Question 7

Secondary roles of the Circulatory System (3)

Answer 7

1. Chemical signalling to cells my means of circulating hormones or neurohormones
2. Dissipation of heat by delivering heat from the core to the surface body (homeostasis)
3. Mediation of inflammatory and host defense responses against invading microorganisms

Question 8

Transport in the circulatory system has 3 types:

Answer 8

1. Materials entering the body
2. Materials moved from cell to cell
3. Materials leaving the body

Question 9

The heart is a what pump

Answer 9

Dual pump
-drives blood in 2 circuits
(Pulmonary and Systemic)

Question 10

Breakdown of the Pulmonary circuit of the heart

Answer 10

Deoxygenated blood to lungs
-powered by right ventricle

Question 11

Breakdown of the Systemic circuit of the heart

Answer 11

Oxygenated blood -throughout the body
-powered by the left ventricle

Question 12

Vasculature is

Answer 12

Arteries and veins

Question 13

Arteries

Answer 13

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body
-oxygenated except for pulmonary rate

Question 14

Veins

Answer 14

Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
-0all deoxygenated except pulmonary vein

Question 15

Valves ensure

Answer 15

One way movement/ flow of blood

Question 16

Notable circulations within systemic circuit

Answer 16

Coronary circuit
Digestive tract/ liver portal system -capillaries feed into portal vein -receives oxygenated blood, alters nutrients and is a major detox for the body
Kidney portal system

Question 17

Portal systems are different because

Answer 17

They have hormones and 2 capillary beds in series with one another

Question 18

Right atrium receives blood from the

Answer 18

Sup/ Inf Vena cavas

Question 19

Right atrium sends blood to

Answer 19

The right ventricle through the tricuspid / right AV valve

Question 20

Right ventricle receives blood from

Answer 20

The right atrium through the tricuspid/ right AV valve

Question 21

Right ventricle sends blood to the

Answer 21

Lungs through the pulmonary semi lunar valve into the pulmonary artery

Question 22

Left atrium receives blood from the

Answer 22

Lungs through the pulmonary vein

Question 23

Left atrium sends blood to the

Answer 23

Left ventricle through the bicuspid/ mitral/ left AV valve

Question 24

Left ventricle recieves blood from the

Answer 24

Left atrium through the bicuspid/ mitral/ left AV valve

Question 25

Left ventricle sends blood to

Answer 25

The body through the aortic semi lunar valve into the aorta, out to the body

Question 26

The Sup/ Inf vena cavas receive blood from the

Answer 26

Systemic veins

Question 27

The sup/ Inf vena cavas sends blood to the

Answer 27

Right atrium

Question 28

Pulmonary artery recieves blood from

Answer 28

The right ventricle through the pulmonary semi lunar valve

Question 29

Pulmonary artery sends blood to the

Answer 29

Lungs

Question 30

Pulmonary vein receives blood from the

Answer 30

Veins of the lungs

Question 31

Pulmonary vein sends blood to the

Answer 31

Left atrium

Question 32

The aorta receives blood from the

Answer 32

Left ventricle through the aortic semi lunar valve

Question 33

Aorta sends blood to

Answer 33

The systemic arteries

Question 34

Liquids and gases flow how

Answer 34

Down the pressure gradient -from regions of high pressure to regions of lower pressure

Question 35

The initial region of high pressure in the CV system is created by

Answer 35

Contraction of the heart

Question 36

Because of contraction, blood flows out of the high pressure region into

Answer 36

The lower pressure vessels

Question 37

As blood flows through the vessels, pressure is

Answer 37

Lost/ less -due to friction created between blood and the vessel walls

Question 38

Blood pressure is highest in the

Answer 38

Aorta (closest to the heart)

Question 39

Blood pressure is lowest in the

Answer 39

Vena cavas (furthest vessels from the heart sending blood out)

Question 40

Driving Pressure

Answer 40

The walls of the fluid filled ventricles contract, increasing the pressure of the blood within the ventricles -causes high pressure

Question 41

When the heart muscles relax and expand, the pressure exerted by the blood within the ventricles will

Answer 41

Decrease

Question 42

Vessels have the ability to

Answer 42

Constrict or dialate -affects blood pressure -vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Question 43

The flow of blood in a tube is directly proportional to the

Answer 43

The pressure gradient at each end of the tube, not the absolute pressure