Blood 1

Question 1

postnatally, what are normally produced in the bone marrow?

Answer 1

erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes and platelets

Question 2

explain how a platelet is formed

Answer 2

megakaryoblast
promegakaryocyte
platelets

Question 3

explain how an erythrocyte is formed

Answer 3

pronormoblast
basophilic normoblast
polychromatic normoblast
orthochromatic normoblast
reticulocyte
erythrocyte

Question 4

describe RBC maturation process

Answer 4

hemoglobin synthesis is completed by the reticulocyte stage

it remains in bone marrow for 1-2 days to mature, then are released into circulation to mature for one more day

Question 5

what does a CBC include?

Answer 5

RBC
hemoglobin
hematocrit
RBC indices
WBCs
platelets
blood smear

Question 6

hematocrit

Answer 6

packeddd cell count/packed cell volume

percentage of total blood bolume made up of RBCs

Question 7

how do you get hematocrit?

Answer 7

spin blood to separate cells from plasma

Question 8

when can hematocrit change?

Answer 8

during menses

Question 9

H&H

Answer 9

hemoglobin and hematocrit

Question 10

what are the parts of the blood that determine whether someone is anemic?

Answer 10

RBC
Hgb
Hct

Question 11

MCV

Answer 11

mean corpuscular volume
indicates size (average volume) of the RBC

Question 12

what is the word for when MCV is normal?

Answer 12

normocytic

Question 13

what is the word for when MCV is less than normal?

Answer 13

microcytic

Question 14

what is the word for when MCV is more than normal?

Answer 14

macrocytic

Question 15

blood indices?

Answer 15

MCV
MCH
MCHC

Question 16

MCH

Answer 16

mean corpuscular hemoglobin
measures average amount (weight) of total hemoglobin
indicates color of RBC

Question 17

what is the word for when MCH is less than normal?

Answer 17

hyperchromic (polychromasia)

Question 18

what is the word for when MCH is more than normal?

Answer 18

hypochromic

Question 19

MCHC

Answer 19

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
measure of average concentration of percentage of hemoglobin within a single RBC
indicates color of RBC

Question 20

what is theword for normal MCHC?

Answer 20

normochromic

Question 21

what is the word for less than normal MCHC

Answer 21

hypochromic

Question 22

what is theword for greater than normal MCHC?

Answer 22

hyperchromic

Question 23

anemia

Answer 23

defined as decreased RBCs and/or Hgb and/or Hct
congential or acquired
classified by cell size and color

Question 24

what is anemia an indication of?

Answer 24

an underlying disorder

Question 25

microcytic/hypochromic

Answer 25

decreased MCV and MCH/MCHC

Question 26

what is the most common type of anemia?

Answer 26

microcytic/hypochromic anemia

Question 27

normocytic normochromic anmeia

Answer 27

normal MCV and MCH/MCHC

Question 28

macrocytic normochromic or hyperchromic

Answer 28

increased MCB, normal or increased MCH/MCHC

Question 29

anemia indicates?

Answer 29

a decreased ability of oxygen carrying capacity: affects all tissues may result in an attempt to compensate by increasing RBC production, increasing heart rate and respiration

Question 30

anemia is generally due to

Answer 30

decreased production increased breakdown blood loss

Question 31

anemia s/s are related to?

Answer 31

lowered hemoglobin concentration and blood volume resulting indecreased oxygen delivery to all tissues

Question 32

modifying factors for anemia?

Answer 32

adjustments to cardiac output, respiratory rate, oxygen affinity to hemoglobin

Question 33

low MCH and MCH

Answer 33

microcytic hypochromic

Question 34

normal MCH, MCH

Answer 34

normocytic normochromic

Question 35

high MCV normal MCH

Answer 35

macrocytic normochromic

Question 36

``` WBC 7.1 (5-10,000) RBC 4.2 (4-5.5) HGB 9 (11-16) Hct 25 (37-47) MCV 75 (80-100) MCH 24 (27-41) MCHC 31 (32-36) platelets 200 (150,000-450,000) ```

Answer 36

mycrocytic hypochromic anemia

Question 37

describe microcytic hypochromic anemia

Answer 37

``` decreased MCV, MCH and MCHC iron deficiency anemia anemia of chronic disease thalassemia chronic blood loss ```

Question 38

describe macrocytic normochromic/hyperchromic anemia

Answer 38

``` increased MCV normal or increased MCH and MCHC vitamin B12 deficiency folic acid deficiency alcoholism liver disease ```

Question 39

describe normocytic normochromic anemia

Answer 39

``` normal MCV, MCH and MCHC anemia of chronic disease acute blood loss hemolytic anemia aplastic anemia ```

Question 40

what are the storage forms for iron?

Answer 40

ferritin, hemosiderin

Question 41

how is iron transported by?

Answer 41

transferrin

Question 42

how is iron lost?

Answer 42

GI tract menses urine

Question 43

how much of iron is in the RBC line?

Answer 43

2/3

Question 44

describe blood loss anemia

Answer 44

site of bleeding is not always obvious (ulcers) a common cause of heavy menstrual flow occult bleeding sites are often GI

Question 45

what is the most common cause of anemia worldwide?

Answer 45

iron deficiency anemia (from GI blood microcytic hypochromic anemia usually due to chronic blood loss dietary, decreased absorption, abnormal iron loss (menses) increased requirements (pregnancy, children)

Question 46

how much iron does the body store?

Answer 46

2-4 grams

Question 47

where is iron stored?

Answer 47

hemoglobin mostly

Question 48

what is normal iron loss?

Answer 48

1-2 mg/day