Test 2 examples. Flashcards by Rachael Beverage

microcytic hypochromic anemias

IDA
thalassemia
chronic blood loss
ACD, ARD

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microcytic hypochromic lab findings

decreased MCV, MCH, MCHC
(ACD- low TIBC)
(IDA- increased TIBC)
(thalassemia- normal TIBC)

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macrocytic hypochromic anemia

vitamin B12, folic acid deficiency
alcoholism
liver disease

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macrocytic hypochromic lab findings

increased MCV

normal/increased MCH, MCHC

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normocyctic normochromic anemias

ACD
acute blood loss
hemolytic anemia (sickle cell anemia)
aplastic anemia

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normocytic normochromic anemia lab findings

normal MCV, MCH, MCHC

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7.8 WBC (5-10,000)
5.6 RBC (4.5-6.0)
10.0 HGB (13-18)
28 Hct (42-52)
60 MCV (80-100)
20 MCH (27-31)
30 MCHC (32-36)
normal Platelets

increased TIBC
low iron

microcytic hypochromic anemia

increased TIBC= IDA

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7.8 WBC (5-10,000)
5.6 RBC (4.5-6.0)
10.0 HGB (13-18)
28 Hct (42-52)
60 MCV (80-100)
20 MCH (27-31)
30 MCHC (32-36)
normal Platelets

normal TIBC
normal iron

microcytic hypochromic anemia

normal TIBC= thalassemia

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7.8 WBC (5-10,000)
5.6 RBC (4.5-6.0) (4.0-5.5)
10.0 HGB (13-18) (11-16)
28 Hct (42-52) (37-47)
60 MCV (80-100)
20 MCH (27-31)
30 MCHC (32-36)
normal Platelets

low TIBC
low iron

microcytic hypochromic anemia

low TIBC= ACD (ARD)

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macrocytic normochromic anemias

vitamin B12, folate deficiency (megaloblastic anemia)

alcoholism, liver disease (non-megaloblastic)

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macrocytic normochromic lab findings

megaloblastic

increased MCV
normal MCH, MCHC

increased iron
increased ferritin

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macrocytic normochromic lab findings (non-megaloblastic)

increased MCV
normal MCH, MCHC

increased liver enzymes
increased bilirubin

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6.1 WBC (5-10,000)
4.0 RBC (4.5-6.0) (4.0-5.5)
8 HGB (13-18) (11-16)
26 Hct (42-52) (37-47)
104 MCV (80-100)
31 MCH (27-31)
35 MCHC (32-36)
normal Platelets

numbness and tingling down her right arm, shows signs of depression

low RBC, HGB, Hct= anemia
high MCV= macrocytic
low MCH, MCHC= normochromic

s/s= B12 deficiency

megaloblastic anemia (pernicious anemia)

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6.1 WBC (5-10,000)
4.0 RBC (4.5-6.0) (4.0-5.5)
8 HGB (13-18) (11-16)
26 Hct (42-52) (37-47)
104 MCV (80-100)
31 MCH (27-31)
35 MCHC (32-36)
normal Platelets

seems to be forgetful, no neurologic damage

high MCV= macrocytic
normal MCH, MCHC= normochromic

s/s= folic acid deficiency

megaloblastic anemia

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6.1 WBC (5-10,000)
4.0 RBC (4.5-6.0) (4.0-5.5)
8 HGB (13-18) (11-16)
26 Hct (42-52) (37-47)
104 MCV (80-100)
31 MCH (27-31)
35 MCHC (32-36)
normal Platelets

came into the office fatigued and pale, seems to be drunk

high MCV= macrocytic
normal MCH, MCHC= normochromic

s/s- anemia and alcoholism

non-megaloblastic anemia

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types of normocytic normochromic anemias

anemia of chronic disease
acute blood loss
hemolytic anemia
aplastic anemia

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normocytic normochromic lab findings

normal MCV, MCH, MCHC

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4.0 WBC (5-10,000)
3.9 RBC (4.5-6.0) (4.0-5.5)
8 HGB (13-18) (11-16)
26 Hct (42-52) (37-47)
84 MCV (80-100)
31 MCH (27-31)
35 MCHC (32-36)
low Platelets

low RBC, HGB, Hct= anemia
normal MCV, MCH, MCHC= normocytic normochromic
low platelets

aplastic anemia

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4.0 WBC (5-10,000)
3.9 RBC (4.5-6.0) (4.0-5.5)
8 HGB (13-18) (11-16)
26 Hct (42-52) (37-47)
84 MCV (80-100)
31 MCH (27-31)
35 MCHC (32-36)
normal Platelets

appear to be jaundiced

low RBC, HGB, Hct= anemia
normal MCV, MCH, MCHC= normocytic normochromic

hemolytic anemia

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4.0 WBC (5-10,000)
3.9 RBC (4.5-6.0) (4.0-5.5)
8 HGB (13-18) (11-16)
26 Hct (42-52) (37-47)
84 MCV (80-100)
31 MCH (27-31)
35 MCHC (32-36)
normal Platelets

african american

low RBC, Hct, HGB= anemia
normal MCV, MCH, MCHC= normocytic normochromic

sickle cell anemia

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4.0 WBC (5-10,000)
3.9 RBC (4.5-6.0) (4.0-5.5)
8 HGB (13-18) (11-16)
26 Hct (42-52) (37-47)
84 MCV (80-100)
31 MCH (27-31)
35 MCHC (32-36)
normal Platelets

patient has RA

low RBC, Hct, HGB= anemia
normal MCV, MCH, MCHC= normocytic normochromic

ACD

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4.0 WBC (5-10,000)
3.9 RBC (4.5-6.0) (4.0-5.5)
8 HGB (13-18) (11-16)
26 Hct (42-52) (37-47)
84 MCV (80-100)
31 MCH (27-31)
35 MCHC (32-36)
normal Platelets

has been complaining of blood in his stools for the past couple of days

low RBC, Hgb, Hct= anemia
normal MCV, MCH, MCHC= normocytic normochromic

acute blood loss anemia

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lab findings for polycythemia

increased RBC, MCH, MCHC
normocytic normochromic
macrocytic hypochromic

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polylcythemia vera is due to?

splenomegaly, overproduction of erythrocytes

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secondary polycythemia is due to?

``` hypoxia polycystic kidney renal carcinoma chromic GMN chronic liver disease anabolic steroids ```

relative polycythemia is due to?

dehydration

schilling shift/shift to the left

increased bands | associated with bacterial infections

``` WBC 4.8 segs (50-70) 30 bands (0-6) lymphs (20-40) 50 mono (2-10) 2 eosin (3-6) 2 baso (0-1) atyplymph 16 meta myelo pros myelo blasts ``` 19 years old sore throat swollen lymph nodes in neck

``` WBC count= low neutropenia lymphocytosis more lymphs than segs= inverted ratio atypical lymphocytes= viral infection ``` early mono

``` WBC 4.8 segs (50-70) 30 bands (0-6) lymphs (20-40) 50 mono (2-10) 2 eosin (3-6) 2 baso (0-1) atyplymph 16 meta myelo pros myelo blasts ``` 23 years old fever, coughing, fatigued

``` WBC count= low neutropenia lymphocytosis more lymphs than segs= inverted ratio atypical lymphocytes= viral infection ``` viral pneumonia

``` WBC 14 segs (50-70) 35 bands (0-6) lymphs (20-40) 55 mono (2-10) eosin (3-6) baso (0-1) atyplymph 10 meta myelo pros myelo blasts ``` fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes of the neck

WBCs: bacterial lymphs and atypical lymphs: viral inverted ratio: viral mono

19 year olds patient presents with fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes in their neck. Their CBC reveals a decreased segs, increased lymphocytes, presents of atypical lymphocytes. A total WBC count of 16 and positive monospot test. What is the most likely diagnosis?

late mono

Johnny from the island of Crete, has the following CBC results: normal RBC, low Hgb, low Hct, low MCV and a biochemical profile reveals elevated TIBC. What is the most likely diagnosis?

microcytic anemia IDA

Johnny from the island of Crete reports some blood in his stool. he has the following CBC results: normal RBC, low Hgb, low Hct, low MCV and a biochemical profile reveals normal TIBC. What is the most likely diangosis?

thalassemia

Your patietn is anemic (microcytic) and has RA and has reported that they had blood in their stool this morning. Their iron parameters reveal a decreased TIBC. Which Dx is most likely?

ACD

Your patient is from Italy and has blood in their stool and they are anemic. Their MCV is elevated. What is the most likely Dx?

macrocytic anemia

Your patient has a "hair on end" skull xray. CBC results: decreased RBC, Hgb, normal MCV. what is the most likely diagnosis?

normocytic anemia thalassemia

``` WBC 80 segs (50-70) 10 bands (0-6) 10 lymphs (20-40) 2 mono (2-10) eosin (3-6) baso (0-1) atyplymph 10 meta myelo pros myelo 40 blasts 38 ```

acute myelocytic leukemia

``` WBC 80 segs (50-70) 10 bands (0-6) 10 lymphs (20-40) 2 mono (2-10) eosin (3-6) baso (0-1) atyplymph 10 meta myelo EO-promyelocytes 40 EO-myeloblasts 38 ```

acute eosinophilic leukemia

``` WBC 80 segs (50-70) 10 bands (0-6) 10 lymphs (20-40) 2 mono (2-10) eosin (3-6) baso (0-1) atyplymph 10 meta myelo B-promyelo 40 B-blasts 38 ```

acute basophilic leukemia

``` WBC 80 segs (50-70) 10 bands (0-6) 10 lymphs (20-40) 2 mono (2-10) eosin (3-6) baso (0-1) atyplymph 10 meta myelo promonocytes 40 monoblasts 38 ```

acute monocytic leukemia

``` WBC 80 segs (50-70) 10 bands (0-6) lymphs (20-40) 10 mono (2-10) eosin (3-6) baso (0-1) atyplymph meta myelo pros myelo L-blasts 80 ```

ALL

``` WBC 60 segs (50-70) 20 bands (0-6) 30 lymphs (20-40) 10 mono (2-10) eosin (3-6) baso (0-1) atyplymph meta 30 myelo 10 pros myelo blasts ```

CML

``` WBC 60 segs (50-70) 20 bands (0-6) 30 lymphs (20-40) 10 mono (2-10) eosin (3-6) baso (0-1) atyplymph meta 30 myelo 10 pros myelo blasts ```

CML

``` WBC 60 segs (50-70) 20 bands (0-6) 30 lymphs (20-40) 10 mono (2-10) eosin (3-6) baso (0-1) atyplymph Eo-meta 30 Eo-myelo 10 pros myelo blasts ```

chronic eosinophilic leukemia

``` WBC 60 segs (50-70) 20 bands (0-6) 30 lymphs (20-40) 10 mono (2-10) eosin (3-6) baso (0-1) atyplymph B-meta 30 B-myelo 10 pros myelo blasts ```

chronic basophilic leukemia

``` WBC 60 segs (50-70) 20 bands (0-6) 30 lymphs (20-40) 10 mono (2-10) eosin (3-6) baso (0-1) atyplymph meta 30 mature monocytes 10 pros myelo blasts ```

CmoL

``` WBC 80 segs (50-70) 10 bands (0-6) lymphs (20-40) 90 mono (2-10) eosin (3-6) baso (0-1) atyplymph meta myelo pros myelo blasts ```

CLL

``` WBC 38 segs (50-70) 50 bands (0-6) 30 lymphs (20-40) 20 mono (2-10) eosin (3-6) baso (0-1) atyplymph meta myelo pros myelo blasts ```

CML or neutrophilic leukemoid reaction | alkaline phosphatase, bone marrow biopsy, philadelphia chromosome

``` WBC 38 segs (50-70) 20 bands (0-6) 30 lymphs (20-40) 40 mono (2-10) eosin (3-6) baso (0-1) atyplymph meta myelo pros myelo blasts ```

CLL or lymphocytic leukemoid reaction | bone marrow biopsy

Hodgkin lymphoma

stage I, II, III, IV | reed sternberg cells

be abe to label on an AP chest radiograph

``` aortic knob right atrium left ventricle right main bronchus left main bronchus carina trachea aorta right hilar point left hilar point aorto-pulmonary window azygous fissure azygous wein ```

4Ts of anterior mediastinum

thymoma teratoma thyroid (goiter) terrible lymphoma

be able to label on lateral chest radiogrph

``` aorta right atrium left atrium right ventricle left ventricle inferior vena cava retrosternal clear space retrocardial clear space ```

your patient's UA results are as follows: yellow color, hazy, 7.2 pH, neg protein, neg bilirubin, 1.5 urobilinogen, positive occult blood, neg nitrites, 2 RBCs, 3WBCs, negatvie bacteria, a few epithelial cells

microhemoglobinuria

your patient's UA results are as follows: pink color, hazy, 7.2pH, neg protein, .5 urobilinogen, postivie occult blood, neg nitrites, 5 RBCs, 3 WBCs, negative bacteria, a few epithelial cells

hematuria

23 year old female has the following UA results: yellow, slightly hazy, pH .7 urobilinogen, mod occult blood, neg nitrites, 1.020 SpG, 15 WBC, 15 RBC, 10 epithelial cells, occasional bacteria

LUTI

27 year old male, low back, flank pain, and reports "frothy urine". What does the patient need based on hisotry and clinical presentation?

27 year old patient's UA results: pink, hazy, pH 5, +3 protein, large amounts occult blood, 1.028 SpG, 10 WBC, `100 RBC, 3 granular casts

hematuria/proteinuria from undetermined renal origin

light yellow, clear, moderate occult blood, neg protein, neg nitrites, 1.010 SpG, 50 WBC, 8 RBC, 2 epithelial cells, +2 bacterial

cystitis

25 year old female with LBP. UA: yellow, slightly hazy, pH 6, neg protein, 0.8 urobilinogen, 1.025 SpG, neg nitrites, 2 WBCs, 1 RBC, frequent epithelial cells, +2 bacterial

contamination

9 year old femal UA results: yellow, hazy, negative proteins, pH of 8.2, positive nitrites, positive leukocyte esterase, SpG of 1.020, 30-40 WBC, 3 RBC, a few epithelial cells, +4 bacteria

cystitis

yellow, hazy, +2 protein, pH of 8.2, positive nitrites, positive leukocyt esterase, SpG of 1.020, 30-40 WBC, 3 RBC, a few epithelial cells, +4 bacteria

UUTI

dark yellow, hazy, 6.0pH, negative nitrites, +2 bilirubin, 2.3 urobilinogen, negative occult blood, neg nitrites, 3RVC, # WBC, slight amounts of mucous, a few epithelial cells, 1 granular cast

liver disease

blah blah blah, 2 WBC casts

pyelonephritis

blah, blah, blah 3 RBC casts

glomerulonephritis

your patient has elevated bilirubin levels int eh blood and ruine. also, there is an absence of urobilinogen within the urine.

gallstone with complete obstruction

dark yellow, hazy, pH 8.2, +leukocyte esterase, + nitrites, 1.020 SpG, TNTC WBC, 1 RBC, +3 bacteria

urethritis

dark yellow, hazy, 8.2 pH, +1 protein, + occult blood, +nitrites, 4RBC, 15 WBC, +2 bacteria

UUTI

dark yellow, slightly hazy, 7.2 pH, neg protein, .6 urobilinogen, neg occult blood, neg nirites, 3 RBC, 3WBC, +2 bacterai, large amount of epithelial cells, +mucous

contamination

dark yellow, slightly hazy, 7.2 pH, neg protein, negative bilirubin, 1.6 urobilinogen, positive occult blood, neg nitrites, 3 RBCs, 3 WBCs, negative bacteria, few epithelial cells

microhemoglobinuria