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Anatomy > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of blood

A

Deliver oxygen and nutrient to tissues
Remove co2 and other waste products from tissues
Circulates immune cells and hormones

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2
Q

Average amount of blood in a human adult body

A

4-6 L

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3
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Loss of blood

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4
Q

Loss of 2 units of blood will start to cause

A

Symptoms pale skin and weakness

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5
Q

Loss 3-4 units of blood will cause

A

An increase in heart rate as blood pressure decreases

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6
Q

More than 4 units of blood may lead

A

To shock and death

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7
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Production of blood cells

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8
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Contains blood stem cells
Function is hematopoiesis
Location is medullar cavity of skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, is coxae, and proximal ends of humerus and femur

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9
Q

Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

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10
Q

Whole blood

A

Blood drawn directly from body

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11
Q

When blood is centrifuge it can be separated into

A

Plasma- extra cellular fluid component of blood ( makes up 55% of whole blood volume)
Formed elements- solid cellular component of blood
Contains cells and cell fragments which are denser than plasma

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12
Q

What are components of formed elements

A

Buffy coat- middle layer contains wbcs and platelets ( less than 1% of whole blood)
Rbcs- most dense layer (about 45% of whole blood)

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13
Q

Plasma

A

Fluid component of whole blood

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14
Q

What are the component of plasma

A

Clear yellowish fluid that contains water
Plasma proteins, nutrients, nitrogenous waste, hormones, electrolytes, gases

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15
Q

How to do blood smears

A

Small drop of whole blood onto a slide
Spread it into a thin film which is allowed to air dry or preserved with methanol
Wright’s stain- mixture of methylene blue and eosin

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16
Q

Red blood cells

A

Erythrocytes
Most abundant formed elements
Transport oxygen
Oval, biconcave discs
No nucleus and no mitochondria

17
Q

Lifespan of RBC

A

120 days
Born in red bone marrow
Dies in spleen

18
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Molecule in RBC that allows for oxygen transport
Contains Fe- able to bind to O2

19
Q

White blood cells

A

Leukocytes
Immunity
Can leave and enter into body tissues to perform their functions

20
Q

Two groups of leukocytes

A

Granulocytes- contain visible cytoplasmic granules
Agranulocytes- contain non-staining granules

21
Q

Granulocytes
Neutrophil

A

Most numerous WBC
multi lobe nucleus with pink granules
Phagocytize bacteria

22
Q

Neutrophilia

A

Increase neutrophil count
Indicates a bacterial infection

23
Q

Pus

A

Dead bacterial and spent neutrophils

24
Q

Granulocytes
Eosinophils

A

Bilobe nucleus with red granules
Release enzymes that can digest parasites

25
Q

Functions of eosinophils

A

Release enzymes that can digest parasites
Phagocytize allergens
Helps And allergic reaction by secreting enzymes that degrade histamine

26
Q

Eosinophilia

A

Increase eosinophils Count indicates  parasitic infection or allergic reaction

27
Q

Granulocytes
Basophils

A

Lease numerous wbc
Bilobe nucleus with a large dark purple granules
Release histamine during allergic reactions

28
Q

Histamine

A

Chemicals that make blood vessels leaky allowing for cells to enter tissues more readily

29
Q

Basophilia

A

Increase basophils count indicate allergic reaction

30
Q

Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes

A

Large severe cold nucleus with no visual granules
important players in immune system

31
Q

Three types of lymphocytes

A

T lymphocytes- thymus
Directly attack foreign invaders

B lymphocytes-Bone marrow
Indirectly fight infections by producing antibodies

Natural killer cells – attack native cells that have become infected or cancerous

32
Q

Lymphocytosis

A

Increase lymphocyte count can indicate acute infection or cancer

33
Q

Agranulocytes
Monocytes

A

V-shaped nucleus with no visual granules
Leaves blood enters connective tissue where they become macrophages
After infection macrophages clean up dead cells and bacteria to promote wound healing

34
Q

Monocytosis

A

Increased monocytes Count indicate a long term or chronic infection

35
Q

Agranulocytes
Platelets

A

Thrombocytes
Second most abundant formed element
Fragments of cell called megakaryocytes
Form temporary plugs when blood vessels tear
initiate longer lasting blood clot

36
Q

megakaryocytes

A

Large cells that Reside in bone marrow

Anatomy (19 decks)

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