Blood

Question 1

What is the primary fluid component of blood?

Answer 1

Plasma

Plasma constitutes 55% of blood and is a pale yellow or straw-colored liquid.

Question 2

What are the main components of plasma?

Answer 2

Water and solutes

Plasma is composed of 90-92% water and contains various solutes including proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, and dissolved gases.

Question 3

What percentage of plasma is made up of proteins?

Answer 3

6-8%

Plasma proteins play a vital role in maintaining osmotic balance and other functions.

Question 4

What is the function of albumin in plasma?

Answer 4

Maintains osmotic balance

Albumin helps to regulate the osmotic pressure between the blood and tissues.

Question 5

What are some examples of nutrients found in plasma?

Answer 5

Glucose and fatty acids

Nutrients are essential for energy and cellular functions.

Question 6

Fill in the blank: Plasma contains dissolved gases such as _______ and _______.

Answer 6

O2 and CO2

These gases are crucial for respiration and cellular metabolism.

Question 7

What are formed elements in blood?

Answer 7

Cells and cell fragments

Formed elements include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Question 8

What is the role of platelets in blood?

Answer 8

Blood clotting

Platelets, or thrombocytes, are involved in the coagulation process to prevent bleeding.

Question 9

True or False: Plasma accounts for 45% of blood volume.

Answer 9

False

Plasma accounts for 55% of blood volume, while formed elements constitute the remaining 45%.

Question 10

What ions are considered electrolytes found in plasma?

Answer 10

Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+

Electrolytes are essential for various physiological functions including nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.

Question 11

What is the significance of the extracellular matrix in blood?

Answer 11

It provides a medium for the transport of nutrients and waste

The extracellular matrix supports cellular functions and facilitates communication between cells.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The large cells that give rise to platelets are called _______.

Answer 12

Megakaryocytes

Megakaryocytes are responsible for the production of platelets in the bone marrow.

Question 13

What is the approximate water content of plasma?

Answer 13

90-92%

This high water percentage is crucial for maintaining blood volume and circulation.