Blood

Question 1

Methemoglobinemia (MetHb)

Answer 1

Hemoglobin in which the iron is in Ferric state. (Dark Brown)

Methylene Blue is the primary emergency treatment. Dose is 1-2 mg/kg.

Question 2

Carboxy-Hemoglobin (COHb or HbCo)

Answer 2

Hemoglobin combined with carbon monoxide.

Question 3

Sulf-Hemoglobin (S-Hb)

Answer 3

Causes cyanosis.

Caused by Sulfonamides and overdosing of Sumatriptan.

Question 4

Hematocrit

Answer 4

Volume percentage of RBCs in blood.

Normal range in males is 40-50% and in females is 35-45%.

Question 5

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

Answer 5

Average volume of RBC. Normal is 80-100 fL.

Question 6

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)

Answer 6

The average content (mass) of Hb per RBC.

Question 7

High MCV and High MCH

Answer 7

Macrocytic Anemia

• Folate/B12 deficiency
• Liver disease
• Hypothyrodism

Question 8

Low MCV and MCH

Answer 8

Microcytic Anemia

• Iron deficiency
• Thalassemia
• Anemia of Chronic disease
• Lead Poisoning

Question 9

Normal MCV and MCH with low Hb

Answer 9

Normocytic Anemia

• Acute blood loss
• Hemolytic Anemia
• Aplastic Anemia

Question 10

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

Answer 10

Average hemoglobin concentration relative to the size of the RBC.

Question 11

High MCHC

Answer 11

Hyperchromic Anemia

• Folate/B12 deficiency

Question 12

Low MCHC

Answer 12

Hypochromic Anemia

• Iron deficiency
• Thalassemia
• Anemia of Chronic disease
• Lead poisoning

Question 13

Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)

Answer 13

Measures the range of variation of RBCs’ volume and size

*important for differentiation between iron deficiency anemia (increased) and thalassemia (normal).

Question 14

Apoferritin

Answer 14

It is an intestinal mucosal protein that combines with Ferrous to form ferritin.

Iron absorption stops when all Apoferritin is converted to ferritin.

Question 15

Transferrin

Answer 15

A protein in the blood that carries Ferrous to bone marrow to form RBCs.

Question 16

Acute iron toxicity

Answer 16

Whole Bowel Irrigation and administration of iron chelating agents.

Activated charcoal doesn’t bind iron and is ineffective.

Question 17

Chronic iron toxicity (Iron Overload)

Answer 17

AKA Hemochromatosis. Most commonly occurs in thalassemia.

Management:
1. Phlebotomy
2. Chelation Therapy
3. Surgical Procedures

Question 18

Oprelvekin

Answer 18

Megakaryocyte Growth Factor

Recombinant IL-11—thrombopoietic growth factor.

Prevention of severe thrombocytopenia and secondary prevention of thrombocytopenia in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Question 19

Romiplostin

Answer 19

Megakaryocyte Growth Factor

Analog of Thrombopoietin—used in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).

Question 20

Eltrombopag

Answer 20

Megakaryocyte Growth Factor

Orally active small-molecule thrombopoietin-receptor agonist—for chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.