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blood Flashcards

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1
Q

first step in the process of hemostasis

A

vasoconstriction

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2
Q

second step of in the process of hemostasis is

A

platelet plug phase

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3
Q

last step in the process in hemostasis is

A

coagulation

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4
Q

what removes the clott

A

fibrinolysis

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5
Q

vitamin that is needed for the formation of many clotting factor

A

vitamin k

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6
Q

the three pathways needed for coagulation

A

extrinsic
intrinsic
common

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7
Q

final steps to fiber

A

common pathway

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8
Q

slower, involves more protein, by exposure of collegen

A

intrinsic pathway

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9
Q

faster shorter

A

extrinisic pathway

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10
Q

a medical condition that makes the body unable to form a blood clott

A

hemophilia

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11
Q

items that are carried in plasma

A

nutrients, oxygen, wastes,hormones

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12
Q

blood cells are primarily formed in

A

red bone marrow

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13
Q

the blood volume of an average sized adult is

A

five liters

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14
Q

the percentage of formed elements in blood is called the

A

hematocrit

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15
Q

the intercellular material of blood is

A

plasma

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16
Q

plasma represents (#)% of a normal blood sample

A

55%

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17
Q

cellular components of the immune system and formed elements of blood originate from a common stem cell known as a

A

hematopoietic stem cell

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18
Q

the shape of the red blood cells provide

A

-increased an increased surface area for gas diffusion
-moves cell membrane closer to hemoglobin
-allows the cell to move through capillaries

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19
Q

red blood cells cannot reproduce because they lack a

A

nucleus

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20
Q

adult female normal red cell count is

A

4,200,000-5,400,000

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21
Q

adult male red cell count

A

4,600,000-6,200,000

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22
Q

red blood cells counts are important clinically as they provide information about

A

oxygen carrying capacity

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23
Q

as an adult red blood cells are produced in the

A

red marrow

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24
Q

appearance of cells in red blood cells production

A

hemocytoblasts, erythroblasts, erythrocytes

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25
what hormone is released from the kidney in response to low oxygen concentration that stimulates red blood cells production.
erythropoietin
26
lack of vitamin B12 is usually due to
a disorder of the stomach lining
27
damaged red blood cells are destroyed by reticuloendothelial cells called
macrophages
28
the heme portion of damaged red blood cells is decomposed into
iron and biliverdin
29
most numerous type of white blood cells is the
neutrophil
30
white blood cells that has the longest life span Is the
lymphocyte
31
the normal white blood cells counts is () to () cells per cubic millimeter of blood
5,000 to 10,000
32
the most mobile and active phagocyte leukocyte are
monocytes and neutrophils
33
blood element concerned with the control of bleeding and the formation of clots is the
platelet
34
significant in maintaining osmotic pressure
albumins
35
transports lipids and fat soluble vitamins -antibodies of immunity
globulins
36
largest molecular size -plays part in blood clotting
fibrinogen
37
plasma proteins
albumins,globulins, fibrinogen
38
gasses that are normally dissolved in plasma include
carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen,
39
an increase in the blood level on nonprotein nitrogen can indicate
a kidney disorder
40
the most abundant plasma electrolytes are
sodium,chlorides
41
platelet plugs begins to form when platelet are
exposed to a rough surface
42
fibrinogen to
fibren
43
substances necessary to activate prothrombin are thought to include
calcium ions and phospholipids
44
prothrombin is produced by the
liver
45
laboratory tests used to evaluate the blood coagulation mechanisms are
-prothrombine time -partial prothrombin time
46
retraction of the clott, pulling the edges of the severed vessel closer together, is due to the action of
platelets
47
enzyme that may be used to dissolve blood clots is
stretokinase
48
the heritary disease that is almost exclusively male and is due to the lack of of several clotting factors is
hemophelia
49
the clumping together of red blood cells when unlike types of blood are mixed is due to antibodies in the plasma and antigen in the the
erythrocytes
50
a person with type A blood has
antigen A and antibody B
51
antibodies of Rh appear
only in response to stimulations by Rh antigen
52
an Rh negative mother, carrying a fetus who is Rh-positive, May have an infant with a blood problem called
erythroblastosis fetalis
53
what is given within 72 hours of delivery to prevent erythroblastosis fetalis
rhogan
54
what blood type is considered the universal donor
O
55
three general terms for the formed elements found in blood
red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
56
plasma is mostly composed of
water
57
plasma proteins
albamin, fibrinogen, regulatory,protein,globulins
58
another name for red blood cells
erythrocytes
59
main function of platelrts
clotting blood
60
why don't red blood cells don't have nucleus
provides more room for hemoglobin to carry oxygen
61
white blood cells that eat bacteria
neutrophils
62
wb that atack parasitic worms/foreign compounds
eosinophils
63
releases /make histomine and heparin
basophils
64
signals other wb -can become a macrophage
monocytes
65
wb that helps w/ immunity
lymphocytes
66
what kind of tisue is blood
connective
67
what serves as the matrix of blood
plasma
68
how viscous is blood
5x greater then water
69
normal Rh range for blood
7.35-7.45
70
normal temp for blood
98.6
71
Large spherical nucleus -immunity
Lymphocytes
72
Largest blood cell -kidney shaped nucleus -can become macrophage by leaving bloodstream -3-9% of leukocytes
Monocyte
73
Deep blue granules -releases histamine promoting inflammation -less then 1% in blood
Basophils
74
Red granules -appears for moderate allergic reactions and parasitic worms 1-3%
Eosinophils
75
Granules that appear light purple -is lobed (2-5) connect together or with thin strands -1st to appear at infectious sites -54-62%
Neutrophils
76
has fine granules that appear deep purple and had 2-5 lobes
neutrophils
77
reddish orange color and normally has 2 lobes
eosinophils
78
deep blue granules lobes similar to eosinophils
basophils
79
largest blood cells has a kidney shaped nuclei
monocytes
80
has a large spherical nucleus
lymphocytes

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