Blood

Question 1

what % of blood is plasma?

Answer 1

over half, about 55%

Question 2

what % of whole blood is made of erythrocytes?

Answer 2

about 45%

Question 3

what is hematocrit?

Answer 3

red blood cells

Question 4

what are normal levels of hematocrit for men? women?

Answer 4

men: 47%
women: 42%

Question 5

how much more viscous is blood than water?

Answer 5

5x

Question 6

what is the pH range for blood?

Answer 6

7.35-7.45 (slightly basic)

Question 7

what is normal blood temperature?

Answer 7

103 degree far.

Question 8

what is the average volume of blood in men? women?

Answer 8

men: 5-6L
women: 4-5L

Question 9

what does blood regulate?

Answer 9

body temperature, pH, and fluid volume

Question 10

what % of blood plasma is water?

Answer 10

90%

Question 11

what are the solutes of blood plasma? (6)

Answer 11

nutrients, gases (O2, CO2), hormones, waste products, electrolytes, proteins

Question 12

what is the most abundant plasma protein at about 60%?

Answer 12

albumin

Question 13

what is the function of albumin and what is it made by?

Answer 13

main contributor to maintaining water volume (osmotic pressure)
made by the liver

Question 14

what is the function of alpha and beta globulins and what is it made by?

Answer 14

transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins

made by the liver

Question 15

what is the function of gamma gloublins and what is it made by?

Answer 15

antibodies during an immune response

made by plasma cells

Question 16

what is the function of fibrinogen and what is it made by?

Answer 16

help clot blood; made by the liver

Question 17

how many molecules of hemoglobin does each red blood cell carry?

Answer 17

250 million molecules - thus can can transport 1 billion oxygen molecules

Question 18

what is erythopoesis?

Answer 18

the production of red blood cells

Question 19

where are erythrocytes produced?

Answer 19

in red bone marrow - located in epiphysis of long bones

Question 20

what hormone helps with the production of erythrocytes and what gland makes it?

Answer 20

EPO which is produced by the kidney

Question 21

what 3 things are required to make blood?

Answer 21

folic acid, vitamin b12, and iron

Question 22

what is the stem cell for a red blood cell?

Answer 22

hematocytoblast

Question 23

how long are red blood cells used before broken down in the liver and spleen?

Answer 23

about 120 days

Question 24

what two substances is hemeglobin broken into?

Answer 24

heme and globin

Question 25

what is bilirubin?

Answer 25

part of heme when broken down, it's pigmented and is what turns feces brown

Question 26

what is anemia?

Answer 26

decrease in oxygen carrying capacity

Question 27

what causes anemia?

Answer 27

decreased # of blood cells, hematolitic disease (ruptured blood cell), iron deficiency

Question 28

what is pernicious anemia?

Answer 28

autoimmune disease or caused by gastric bypass; decreased absorption of vitamin b12 (lowers # of red blood cells)

Question 29

what causes sickle cell anemia?

Answer 29

genetic disorder of two amino acid chain links

Question 30

what is polycythemia?

Answer 30

too many red blood cells; caused by blood doping, high altitude training, or lung disease

Question 31

what is the process of WBC moving out of the blood stream?

Answer 31

diapedesis

Question 32

what is the process that draws white blood cells to an area for an inflammatory response?

Answer 32

chemotaxis

Question 33

List most abundant leukocyte to least abundant and what their %s are

Answer 33

``` NEVER LET MONKEYS EAT BANANAS neutrophils - 50-70% lymphocytes - 25-45% monocytes - 3-8% eisanophils - 2-4% basophils - 0.5-1% ```

Question 34

what's the function of neutrophils?

Answer 34

phagocize bacteria

Question 35

what's the function of lymphocytes?

Answer 35

immune response using B & T cells

Question 36

what's the function of monocytes?

Answer 36

phagocytosis; develop into macophages

Question 37

what's the function of eisanophils?

Answer 37

kill parasitic worms, also respond to allergies and asthma

Question 38

what's the function of basophils?

Answer 38

help with inflamatory response, help blood thinning too

Question 39

which leukocytes are A-granulocytes and which are granulocytes?

Answer 39

A-granulocytes - lymphocytes & monocytes | granulocytes - neutrophils, eisanophils,basophils

Question 40

how long do leukocytes live?

Answer 40

varies from hours to years

Question 41

what is the stem cell for a leukocyte?

Answer 41

hemocytoblast

Question 42

what is leukopenia what causes it?

Answer 42

decrease in WBC count; stress or anti cancer medication

Question 43

what is leukemia?

Answer 43

cancer of the WBC

Question 44

what is myeloid leukemia?

Answer 44

cancer of the bone marrow (very bad)

Question 45

what is lymphoid leukemia?

Answer 45

leukemia of the lymphocytes (starts in the lymph nodes)

Question 46

what is mononucleosis (mono)?

Answer 46

viral disease, highly contagious, causes an increase in a-typical granulocytes - causes enlarged spleen