Endocrine System

Question 1

Characteristics of amino acid based hormones

Answer 1

• water soluble
• easily carried through the blood stream
• bind to receptor and and active 2nd messenger

Question 2

Characteristics of lipid based hormones

Answer 2

• not water soluble
• need assistance moving through blood stream
• diffuse through cell membrane and bind to intracellular recpetor (direct gene activation)

Question 3

What is an important 2nd messenger?

Answer 3

calcium

Question 4

What is a humoral stimuli?

Answer 4

blood changes

Question 5

What hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 5

FLAT PiG

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, Prolactin, GH

Question 6

What hormones are stores in the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 6

Oxytocin & ADH

Question 7

What is the name, target organ, and effect of FSH?

Answer 7

Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Target: Ovaries & Testes
Effect: Stimulates estrogen production in females and sperm production in males

Question 8

What is the name, target organ, and effect of (LH)

Answer 8

Leuteinizing Hormone
Target: Ovaries & Testes
Effect: Stimulates the production of estrogen and progesterone and triggers ovulation in females
Stimulates production of testosterone in males

Question 9

What is the name, target organ, and effect of (ACTH)

Answer 9

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Target: Adrenal Cortex
Effect: Stimulates release of glucocorticoids & androgrens

Question 10

What is the name, target organ, and effect of (TSH)

Answer 10

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Target: Thyroid Gland
Effect: Stimulates thyroid gland to make thyroid hormone

Question 11

What is the name, target organ, and effect of Prolactin

Answer 11

Prolactin
Target: Breast tissue
Effect: Promotes lactation

Question 12

What is the name, target organ, and effect of GH

Answer 12

Growth Hormone
Target: Liver, muscle, bone, cartilage
Effect: Stimulates somatic growth, mobilizes fat and spares glucose

Question 13

What is the name, target organ, and effect of ADH

Answer 13

Antidiuretic Hormone
Target: Kidney
Effect: Stimulates kidney to reabsorb water (stimulated by low blood volume)

Question 14

What is the name, target organ, and effect of Oxytocin

Answer 14

Oxytocin
Target: Uterus
Effect: Stimulates uterine contractions, initiates labor, and initiates milk ejection

Question 15

What is the name, target organ, and effect of T3 & T4

Answer 15

Thyroxine (T4) & Triiodothyronine (T3)
Target: Every cell in the body
Effect: Regulates BMR, growth & development, and BP

Question 16

What hormones does the thyroid produce?

Answer 16

Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), & Calcitonin

Question 17

What do Thyroxine (T4) & Triiodothyronine (T3) need in order to be produced?

Answer 17

iodine

Question 18

What secretes Calcitonin & what does it do?

Answer 18

parafollicular cells of the thyroid; lowers blood calcium levels (stimulates osteoblasts)

Question 19

What secretes parathyroid hormone and what does it do?

Answer 19

parathyroid; increases blood calcium levels, helps with clotting, stimulates osteoclasts, increase Vitamin D precursor

Question 20

What vitamin is required to absorb calcium?

Answer 20

Vitamin D

Question 21

What hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex?

Answer 21

mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, gonadocorticoids

Question 22

What is the target organ and effect of aldosterone?

Answer 22

Target: Kidney
Effect: stimulates reabsorbtion of sodium (stimulated by low BP) which causes increase in blood pressure

Question 23

What is the most potent mineralcorticoid?

Answer 23

aldosterone

Question 24

What is the target organ and effect of cortisol (AKA stress hormone)?

Answer 24

Target: Body cells and CNS
Effect: Works with pancreas to keep normal blood glucose levels (also dampens immune system)

Question 25

Whats is the most abundant glucocorticoid?

Answer 25

cortisol

Question 26

What are androgens classified as and what is the function of them?

Answer 26

gonadocorticoids; contributes to puberty & sex drive - it's converted into testosterone or estrogen

Question 27

What hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla?

Answer 27

epinephrine and nor-epinephrine (fight or flight hormone)

Question 28

What gland produces melatonin and what does does melatonin do?

Answer 28

pineal gland; regulates sleep cycles

Question 29

What hormones are produced by the pancreas and what do they do?

Answer 29

glucagon - increase blood sugar | insulin - decrease blood sugar

Question 30

What's do the ovaries produce?

Answer 30

estrogen - 2nd sex characteristics and puberty | progesterone - breast development

Question 31

What do the testes produce?

Answer 31

testosterone - 2nd sex characteristics, sperm production, puberty

Question 32

What is hCG and what is it produced by?

Answer 32

human chorionic gonadotropin (Pregnancy hormone); placenta

Question 33

What is the target organ and effect of ANP?

Answer 33

Target: Kidney Effect: (made by the heart) blocks aldosterone secretion and decreases blood pressure

Question 34

What % of high BP is idiopathic?

Answer 34

90%

Question 35

What gland makes EPO, what does it target, and what is it's function?

Answer 35

Produced by the kidneys Target: red blood cells Effect: increased red blood cell production (usually in response to low oxygen levels)

Question 36

What gland makes renin, what does it target, and what is it's function?

Answer 36

Produced by the kidneys Target: Adrenal Cortex Effect: increases aldosterone production (increases blood pressure)

Question 37

What gland produces cholecalciferol and what does it do?

Answer 37

the skin; helps with calcium production (it's inactive vitamin D & needs to be exposed to sunlight)

Question 38

What gland produces thymosin and what does it do?

Answer 38

thymus; develops competent T-cells