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Anatomy Lecture Test 2 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Functions

A

transport, regulate, protect

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2
Q

transportation within respiratory

A

erythrocytes (RBC) carry O2 and CO2

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3
Q

Nutritive transportation

A

nutrients supplied by digestive system are absorbed by blood and lymph
Products are carried through liver to cell bodies

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4
Q

waste transportation

A

transports metabolic waste from cells to elimination sites (lungs, kidneys, liver)

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5
Q

Regulation of…

A

body temperature, pH levels, fluid and electrolyte volume, carries hormones from origin throughout body

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6
Q

protect by…

A

Protects against microbes and toxins with leukocytes, complement, and antibodies
Protect against blood loss with clotting factors and platelets

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7
Q

pH of blood

A

slightly alkaline, 7.35-7.45

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8
Q

temperature of blood and body

A

38 C and 100.4 F

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9
Q

Blood percentage of body weight

A

8%

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10
Q

Volume of blood

A

4-5 L in females

5-6 L in males

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11
Q

color of blood

A

varies (scarlet (rich O2) - dark red (poor O2))

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12
Q

RBC formation

A

Erythropoiesis
Primary in proximal axillary bones (humerus, femur, ribs, stern,, pelvis, some skull)
2.5 million / sec
life of 120 days

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13
Q

Granulocytes

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils develop in bone marrow (stores 10-20 times more than blood)

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14
Q

Agranulocytes

A

lymphocytes and monocytes develop in marrow and migrate to lymphoid tissue where further differentiation occurs

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15
Q

lymphoid tissue

A

tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes, appendix, thymus

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16
Q

hematocrit

A

ratio of formed blood element volume (cells and platelets) to the total blood volume (expressed as %)

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17
Q

hematocrit of female

A

37-48%

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18
Q

hematocrit of male

A

42-54%

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19
Q

formed elements of blood

A

about 45% by volume

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20
Q

Erythrocytes

A

biconcave discs which have lost their nuclei and mitochondria; incapable of regeneration (4 month life)

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21
Q

Destroys erythrocytes

A

liver and spleen

22
Q

Purpose of shape of erythrocytes

A

increase surface area to increase gas exchange

23
Q

RBC count

A

cubic ml of blood contains 4.3-5.2 million RBC in female; 5.1-5.8 million in males

24
Q

Platelets

A

Thrombocytes
Not cells but fragments of cells, the megakaryocytes
Capable of ameboid movement
Constitute major portion of blood clot mass
Have Alpha 2 receptors

25
Q

platelet count

A

130,000-360,000 thousand

26
Q

leukocytes

A

WBC

granulocytes and agranulocytes

27
Q

granulocytes

A

Eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils

28
Q

Eosinophils

A

granules stain red with eosin;

increase in #in response to parasitic infection

29
Q

basophils

A

have base loving granules, and stain blue with hematoxylin; contain histamine

30
Q

Neutrophils

A

Most common WBC (54-62%)
Among the 1st to respond to inflammatory stimuli
Phagocytize (eat) foreign material
Called PMN

31
Q

PMN

A

polymorphonuclear cells

32
Q

Agronulocytes

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

33
Q

lymphocytes

A

2nd most common
Some circulate while most are in lymph tissue
B cells, T cells, NK cells

34
Q

B cells

A

Mature in Bone marrow

When activated they are called plasma cells and produce antibodies

35
Q

T cells

A

Mature in thymus

Cytotoxic, Helper, Suppressor

36
Q

Cytotoxic T cell

A

CD8+

Must be activated to become cytotoxic

37
Q

Helper T cells

A

CD4+

HIV destroy these

38
Q

Suppressor cells

A

CD4+

suppress proliferation of other T cells (stop positive feedback loop)

39
Q

NK cells

A

natural killer cells, destroy cells that lack normal receptors

40
Q

Monocytes

A

can differentiate into macrophages which eat foreign material

41
Q

WBC relative frequency

A

Neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil

42
Q

Plasma

A

non-formed element of blood; the fluid or matrix portion

55% of blood

43
Q

Plasma components

A

protein, water, inorganic salts, carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, hormones, vitamins

44
Q

Proteins in plasma

A

8% of plasma

Albumin, Globulin, Fibrinogens

45
Q

Albumin

A

Most abundant and smallest protein

60% of protein

46
Q

Albumin production

A

liver

47
Q

albumin purpose

A

gives blood the viscosity needed to maintain blood volume and pressure

48
Q

Globulins

A

alpha, beta, gamma

49
Q

alpha and beta globulin

A

Synthesized by liver

Assist in transporting lipids, including fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)

50
Q

gamma globulin

A

Produced by B cells;

Are antibodies

51
Q

Fibrinogens

A

Large proteins
Play a role in clotting
Produced by liver

52
Q

Serum

A

when fibrinogen is removed from plasma

Anatomy Lecture Test 2 (7 decks)

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