Blood Flashcards
How is oxygen transported?
hemoglobin
How is carbon dioxide transported?
bicarbonate ions
Explain ABO blood typing
A and B antigens on the surface of the RBCs determine the blood type. Plasma has anti-A or anti-B antibodies which react to foreign antigens.
Explain Rh blood typing
RBCs either have Rh antigens or do not
Functions of blood?
Transport gases, nutrients, waste, processed molecules, and regulatory molecules; regulates pH and osmosis; maintains body temperature; protection against foreign substances; clot formation
Blood consists of…? (percentages)
55% plasma (91% water, 9% solutes), 45% formed elements (44% RBC, 1% WBC/platelets)
Describe erythrocytes
(aka RBCs) Biconcave discs, no nucleus, contain hemoglobin, transport oxygen
Describe leukocytes
(aka WBCs) Have nucleus, can be granular or agranular, protect the body from microorganisms and remove dead cells/debris
Neutrophil
Granulocyte, azure/neutral color, azurophilic granules, multilobed nucleus, combat infection by phagocytosis
Eosinophil
Granulocyte, red granules, bilobed nucleus, combat inflammation caused by histamine
Basophil
Granulocyte, blue granules, bilobed or trilobed nucleus, intensify inflammatory response by secreting heparin, histamine, and seratonin
Lymphocyte
Agranulocyte, smallest WBC, large nucleus to cytoplasm ratio, blue cytoplasm, lacks visible granules
Monocyte
Agranulocyte, kidney-bean or horseshoe-shaped nucleus on one side of the cell, lacks visible granules, pale blue cytoplasm, become macrophages to phagocytosize foreign invaders
Types of lymphocytes
B-cells: produce antibodies, function in humeral immunity
T-cells: function in cell-medicated immunity
Describe platelets
(aka thrombocytes) Disk-shaped structures, no nucleus, fragments of cells, form blood clots
