Blood

Question 1

Functions of blood

Answer 1

Transports food + oxygen
Defence against disease
Clotting

Question 2

What are the components of blood?

Answer 2

Plasma + 3 cellular components ; red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

Question 3

What is plasma?

Answer 3

Yellow liquid consisting of 90% water

Question 4

What is the function of plasma?

Answer 4

To carry [transport]

Question 5

What does plasma contain/transport

Answer 5

Nutrients [glucose, amino acids, vitamins]
Waste [co2 and urea]
Hormones [adrenaline]
Antibodies 
Clotting proteins 
Heat

Question 6

What is serum?

Answer 6

It’s plasma minus the clotting proteins

Question 7

Name a substance carried by plasma

Answer 7

Glucose, amino acids, vitamins

Question 8

Name a group of substances carried by plasma

Answer 8

Nutrients

Question 9

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 9

Carry oxygen around the body

Question 10

What is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 10

Fight infection

Question 11

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 11

Clotting

Question 12

Red blood cells

Answer 12

Produced in bone marrow
No nucleus when mature
No mitochondria
Contains protein haemoglobin [needs iron in diet]
Oxygen bonds to the haem and it is known as oxyhemoglobin
Also known as erythrocytes

Question 13

How does anaemia occur?

Answer 13

When we do not have enough red blood cells [lack of iron in diet]

Question 14

White blood cells

Answer 14

Made in bone marrow
Larger than red blood cell
Has a nucleus
Also known as leucocytes

Question 15

What are the two types of white cells

Answer 15

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

Question 16

Lymphocytes

Answer 16

Produce antibodies that attack bacteria and viruses
Large nucleus
Stored in lymphatic system

Question 17

Monocytes

Answer 17

Engulf bacteria and viruses in a process known as phagocytosis
Also called marcophages
5% of all white cells

Question 18

What is phagocytosis

Answer 18

The process in which Bacteria and viruses are engulfed

Question 19

Platelets

Answer 19

Bone marrow
No nucleus
Also known as thrombocytes

Question 20

What are haemophiliacs

Answer 20

Unable to produce certain clotting chemicals

Question 21

What is thrombosis?

Answer 21

Occurs if a clot blocks a blood vessel [brain = stroke, heart = heart attack]

Question 22

What are antibodies

Answer 22

Proteins made by white blood cells in response to the presence of foreign chemicals called antigens

Question 23

What are antigens?

Answer 23

Chemicals that rigger our white blood cells to make antibodies against them

Question 24

What happens if you receive the wrong blood type?

Answer 24

Your body will attack the red blood cells because it thinks they are a bacteria/virus. This is because the red blood cells have “foreign” chemicals on their surface

Question 25

What are the two systems of blood groups?

Answer 25

The ABO system and the RHESUS system

Question 26

What are the different blood types in the ABO group?

Answer 26

Blood type A, Blood type AB, Blood type O and Blood type B

Question 27

What does blood type A contain?

Answer 27

It contains only A antigens

Question 28

What does blood type AB contain?

Answer 28

It contains both A and B antigens

Question 29

What does blood type B contain?

Answer 29

It contains only B antigens

Question 30

What does blood type O contain?

Answer 30

No antigens

Question 31

Where are the antigens found?

Answer 31

They are found on the surface of the red blood cells

Question 32

Antigen A is "foreign" to a person with what blood types?

Answer 32

Blood group B or O

Question 33

Antigen B is "foreign" to a person with what blood groups?

Answer 33

Blood group A or O

Question 34

When will a person reject a blood transfusion?

Answer 34

A person will reject a blood transfusion if "foreign" antigens are present on the surface of the red blood cells received

Question 35

Which blood group is the universal donor and what does this mean?

Answer 35

Type O and it means it can be given to all of the 4 blood groups

Question 36

Which blood group is the universal recipient and what does this mean?

Answer 36

Type AB and it means it accepts blood from all four blood groups

Question 37

RHESUS system, how is the blood type determined?

Answer 37

The blood type is determined by the presence or absence of the rhesus antigen ["D"] on the surface of the red blood cells.

Question 38

People who have antigen D are what

Answer 38

Rhesus positive [RH+]

Question 39

People without antigen D are what

Answer 39

Rhesus negative [RH-]

Question 40

How do red blood cells differ from white blood cells

Answer 40

``` Smaller Bi concave No nucleus No mitochondria Transport 02 Contain haemoglobin ```

Question 41

Name a group of white blood cells other than lymphocytes

Answer 41

Monocytes

Question 42

Give two ways other than colour, in which red blood cells differs in structure or composition from a typical body cell such as one in the cheek lining

Answer 42

No nucleus | Haemoglobin

Question 43

State a precise location in the human body at which red blood cells are made?

Answer 43

Bone Marrow

Question 44

What is the advantage of the biconcave shape of red blood cell

Answer 44

- greater surface area for gaseous exchange | - makes them more flexible