Blood

Question 1

Blood belong the what system?

Answer 1

The hematopoietic system

Question 2

What’s in the hematopoietic system?

Answer 2

Blood, bone marrow, the liver, the spleen and the kidneys

Question 3

How is the cellular components of blood formed ?

Answer 3

By the differentiation of a pluripotent stem cell in a process termed hematopoiesis. In the fetus hematopoiesis occurs first outside of the bone marrow in the liver,spleen lymph nodes and thymus

Question 4

How much blood do we have ?

Answer 4

Is relatively constant at about 6 percent of our total body weight example 81 kg= about 5L of blood

Question 5

Blood consist of what ?

Answer 5

Liquid or plasma, and formed elements - red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.

Question 6

What does plasma do ?

Answer 6

Transports the cellular components of blood and dissolved nutrients throughout the body and,at the same time transports waste products from cellular metabolism to the liver,kidneys, lungs where they can be removed from body.

Question 7

At rest how many ml of oxygen does someone require if they weigh 81kg ?

Answer 7

324ml of oxygen

Question 8

What are the 2 sub populations of lymphocytes and what do they do ?

Answer 8

The T cells are responsible for developing cell mediated immunity which is responsible for delayed hyper sensitivity reactions, tumour suppression,graft rejection and defence against intracellular organisms.
The B cells produce antibodies to combat infection

Question 9

What causes an autoimmune disease ?

Answer 9

When the body makes antibodies against its own tissues.

Question 10

What do platelets do ?

Answer 10

Activated upon contact with injured tissues.
Contact stimulates enzyme within the platelet causing the surface to become sticky allowing the platelets to aggregate and form a plug.
As platelets aggregate they also release chemical messengers that also activate the blood clotting system.

Question 11

What are the 3 mechanisms that work to prevent/ control blood loss in hemostasis?

Answer 11

Vascular spasms
Platelet plugs
Stable fibrin blood clots (coagulation)

Question 12

what are the 3 mainblasts of white blood cells (immature form)?

Answer 12

Myeloblasts
Monoblasts
Lymphoblasts

Question 13

What is Leukopoiesis?

Answer 13

The process through which stem cells differentiate into white blood cells’ immature forms

Question 14

What are the categories of white blood cells?

Answer 14

Granulocytes
Monocytes
Lymphocytes

Question 15

Which granulocyte primarily functions in allergic reactions?

Answer 15

Basophils

Question 16

Which granulocyte fights infections?

Answer 16

Neutrophils

Question 17

What causes a shift to the right on the Oxygen-Hemoglobin dissociation curve?

Answer 17

• Decreased pH
• Increased CO2
• Increased temperature
• Increase 2,3 DPG

Question 18

What is sequestration?

Answer 18

Trapping of RBCs by an organ (ie. spleen)

Question 19

What are the types of granulocytes?

Answer 19

Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils

Question 20

Monocytes can further mature into…?

Answer 20

Macrophages

Question 21

Which WBC’s attack tumours and participate in tissue repair?

Answer 21

Monocytes

Question 22

What are the primary cells involved in the body’s immune response?

Answer 22

Lymphocytes

Question 23

What lymphocytes are responsible for cell mediated immunity?

Answer 23

T-cells

Question 24

What lymphocytes are responsible for humoral immunity?

Answer 24

B-cells

Question 25

What type of immunity keeps a memory of previous infections?

Answer 25

humoral immunity (B-cells)

Question 26

What are effector cells responsible for? | in regards to - cell mediated immunity

Answer 26

Delayed type hypersensitivity reactions Tumour suppression Graft rejection Defence against intracellular organisms

Question 27

How does HIV affect the immune response?

Answer 27

Destroys cell mediated immunity by selectively attacking and killing T-cells

Question 28

What is the inflammatory process?

Answer 28

Nonspecific defence mechanism that wards off damage from microorganisms or trauma

Question 29

What are the signs of local inflammation?

Answer 29

Pain Redness Swelling Heat

Question 30

What is thrombocytopenia?

Answer 30

Having too few platelets that can lead to bleeding problems and blood loss.

Question 31

What are the 3 steps in the coagulation cascade?

Answer 31

1. Intrinsic pathway: platelets release substances leading to formation of prothrombin activator OR Extrinsic pathway: tissue damage substances leading to formation of prothrombin activator 2. Common pathway: prothrombin activator converts prothrombin into thrombin 3. Thrombin: converts fibrinogen into fibrin (which traps blood cells and platelets to form clot)

Question 32

The kidney and to a lesser extent the liver produce ______

Answer 32

Erythropoietin The hormone responsible for red blood cell production

Question 33

________ the process through which pluripotent stem cells differentiate into various types of blood cells

Answer 33

Hematopoiesis

Question 34

The _____ system consists of blood, bone marrow, the live, the spleen and kidneys

Answer 34

Hematopoietic system

Question 35

______ is a thick, pale yellow fluid that is 90-92% water, 6-7% proteins and the 2-3% is made up of fats, carbohydrates and electrolytes gases, This makes up the liquid portion is blood

Answer 35

Plasma

Question 36

______ ______ perform many functions: Clotting blood, dismantling clots, buffering if the bloods acid-base balance, transporting hormones and regulating their effects, providing energy

Answer 36

Plasma proteins

Question 37

_______ are essential for nerve conduct in, mucked contracting and water balance

Answer 37

Electrolytes

Question 38

________ in plasma are generally in the form of glucose, the primary energy source for all body tissue

Answer 38

Carbohydrates

Question 39

Carbon dioxide and oxygen are dissolved and transported in _____

Answer 39

Plasma

Question 40

_______ is a waxy substance that lubricates the epidermis. Helps keep the skin pliable and water proof

Answer 40

Sebum

Question 41

The ________ removes toxins from the blood and produces many is the clotting factors and proteins in plasma

Answer 41

Liver