Blood/Airborne Pathogens & Pain Management (Ch 19)

Question 1

What are the chains of transmission?

Answer 1

Organism
Reservoir
Portal of Exit 
Transmission
Portal of Entry
Vulnerable Hosts

Question 2

OSHA Stands For?

Answer 2

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Question 3

What are engineering Controls?

Answer 3

Hand Washing Station
Eye Wash Station
Sharps Container 
Biohazard Labels 
Needless Devices

Question 4

A Sharps container must meet the following criteria to meet standard:

Answer 4

Must be closable
Never more than 3/4 full
Puncture Resistant 
Leak Proof on sides & bottom
Labeled or Color Coded

Question 5

Occurs when blood or other potentially infected materials come in contact with mucous membranes or non-intact skin

Answer 5

Transmission

Question 6

Helps minimize the transmission of aerosol - transmissible pathogens

Answer 6

Respiratory Hygiene

Question 7

Standard Precautions Recommend?

Answer 7

Hand Hygiene

Respiratory Hygiene, cough etiquette, safe injection practices, use of gown, gloves, mask, and eye protection

Question 8

Blood, saliva, mucous, sweat, semen, vaginal secretion, cerebrospinal fluid, and any body fluid with visible blood are substances that require?

Answer 8

Standard Precautions

Question 9

Recommended to provide additional precautions beyond standard precautions to interrupt transmission of pathogens.

Answer 9

Transmission Based Precautions

Question 10

Protect from infections spread by skin-to-skin contact or contact with other surfaces such as linen.

Answer 10

Contact Precautions

Question 11

Used for infections caused by large droplet. Can be spread by coughing, talking, or sneezing.

Answer 11

Droplet Precautions

Question 12

Used for infections that spread small particles in the air such as chicken pox and TB

Answer 12

Airborne Precautions

Question 13

An inflammation of the liver caused by drugs, poisons, toxins, or blood borne pathogens.

Answer 13

Hepatitis

Question 14

Symptoms generally last 4 to 6 weeks 
Jaundice* 
Fatigue
Abdominal Pain
Loss of Appetite 
Intermittent Nausea
Vomiting 
Fever
Joint Pain
Gray colored stools*

Answer 14

Hepatitis B (HBV)

Question 15

Most chronic bloodborne infection in the US. Transmitted primarily through large or repeated direct percutaneous exposures to blood. Prevention directed toward use of engineering and work practice controls.

Answer 15

Hepatitis C

Question 16

A condition in which the body is unable to gift off infection or destroy mutated cells. Standard Precautions/ PPE keys to prevention

Answer 16

HIV

Question 17

Inflammation of the protective membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord. Bacterial form is highly contagious and more serious than viral but viral is most common form.

Answer 17

Meningitis

Question 18

Highly communicable bacterial respiratory infection caused by bordetella pertussis. Diagnosis made by sputum specimen.

Answer 18

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

Question 19

Stress & Anxiety
Stimulation of narrow nerve fibers
Injury or tissue damage stimulates narrow nerve fibers
ALL EXMAPLES OF?

Answer 19

Open Gate Causes

Question 20

Decreased stress & anxiety
Exercise, heat, cold, massage
Endorphins - natural body chemicals produced by pleasant thoughts or feelings
ALL EXAMPLES OF

Answer 20

Closed Gate Causes

Question 21

Pain that comes on suddenly and has a short duration, usually 6 months or less

Answer 21

Acute Pain

Question 22

Pain that lasts longer than 6 months

Answer 22

Chronic Pain

Question 23

Pain that comes and goes at intervals

Answer 23

Intermittent Pain

Question 24

Pain that cannot be relieved, pain that is incurable or resistant to treatment.
EX: Cancer Pain

Answer 24

Intractable Pain

Question 25

Pain that is felt in an area other than where the pain is produced. EX: Pain felt in the jaw or arm during a MI due to lack of O2 supply.

Answer 25

Referred Pain

Question 26

Pain that begins at a specific site and shoots or extends to a larger area

Answer 26

Radiating Pain

Question 27

Nerve pain receptors

Answer 27

Nociceptors

Question 28

2 of the chemicals that can stimulate nerve pain receptors are? Release during injury and damage to the tissue

Answer 28

Substance P | Prostaglandins

Question 29

Elicits localized tissue reactions similar to inflammation

Answer 29

Substance P

Question 30

Hormones that act in the immediate area and initiate inflammation

Answer 30

Prostaglandins

Question 31

Pain that is more superficial or on the surface of the skin | Ex: Paper Cut

Answer 31

Cutaneous Pain

Question 32

Pain experienced from stimulation of deep internal pain receptors

Answer 32

Visceral Pain

Question 33

Pain in bone, ligament, or tendon

Answer 33

Deep Somatic Pain

Question 34

Pain that is usually burning, stabbing, or sometimes a deep ache. Occurs due to injury or destruction of peripheral nerves or the central nervous system

Answer 34

Neuropathic Pain

Question 35

Type of neuropathic pain where patient feels pain from an area that has been amputated

Answer 35

Phantom Limb Pain

Question 36

The body responds to pain:

Answer 36

Physiologically Psychologically Behaviorally

Question 37

A means to assist or aid another treatment, therefore increasing effectiveness

Answer 37

Adjuvant Therapy

Question 38

Types of Distractions are?

Answer 38

Visual Auditory Tactile Intellectual

Question 39

Reduce inflammation and pain at the site of the injury. Over-The-Counter. Most Common: Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Aspirin

Answer 39

NSAIDS | Non Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Question 40

Used when non-opioid medications are ineffective in relieving moderate to severe pain. Usually effective in relieving visceral pain and deep somatic pain

Answer 40

Narcotic Analgesics

Question 41

Opiates and opioids can be administered:

Answer 41

``` Orally Rectally Subcutaneously (Sq) Intramuscular (IM) Intravenous (IV) ```

Question 42

Relaxation begins, lightest sleep, easy to arouse.

Answer 42

Stage I of Sleep

Question 43

Relaxation deepens, begin to experience sound sleep but still relatively easy to arouse. Usually lasts about 15-20 mins

Answer 43

Stage II of Sleep

Question 44

Lasts about 15-30 minutes, body rests and restores during this sleep.

Answer 44

Stage III of Sleep

Question 45

Becomes difficult to arouse, this is the deepest sleep, body rests and is restored

Answer 45

Stage IV of Sleep

Question 46

Sleepwalking

Answer 46

Somnambulism

Question 47

Confusion or disorientation in elderly patients occurring in the evening hours

Answer 47

Sun Downing

Question 48

Grinding of teeth during sleep

Answer 48

Bruxism