blood and blood vessels Flashcards
1
Q
what separates blood
A
being spun in a centrifuge
2
Q
components of blood =
A
erythrocytes ~45%
buffy coat (leukocytes and platelets) <1%,
plasma ~55%
3
Q
what does plasma have
A
clotting factors
4
Q
what removes clotting factors
A
serum
5
Q
explain Erythrocytes (RBCs)
A
- Biconcave discs around 7µm in diameter
- No nucleus or organelles (when mature)
- Network of flexible cytoskeletal elements
6
Q
explain Neutrophils
A
- 40-75% of WBCs
- Phagocytes (when activated)
- Single, multi-lobed nucleus
7
Q
explain Eosinophils
A
- 5% of WBCs
- Acidic granules that stain red, and a bi-lobed nucleus
- Granules contain hydrolytic enzymes - inflammation
8
Q
explain Basophils
A
- 5% of WBCs
- Basic granules that stain purple/blue, and a bi-lobed nucleus
- Effector cells in allergic reactions
9
Q
explain Monocytes
A
- 1-5% of WBCs
- Precursors of tissue macrophages (phagocytes)
- Large, kidney bean-shaped nucleus
10
Q
explain lymphocytes
A
- 0-50% of WBCs
- Small spherical nucleus and basophilic (blue) cytoplasm
11
Q
B cells:
A
give rise to antibody secreting plasma cells
12
Q
T cells:
A
differentiate in thymus, many defensive functions
13
Q
what are platelets
A
Cell fragments that have a key role in haemostasis
14
Q
Tunica intima: (structure of arteries)
A
single layer of squamous epithelial cells (endothelium) supported by a basal lamina and a thin layer of connective tissue
15
Q
Tunica media: (structure of arteries)
A
predominantly made up of smooth muscle
