Introduction to the Circulatory System

Question 1

Circulatory system:

Answer 1

made up of the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system

Question 2

Cardiovascular system:

Answer 2

made up of the arterial system, the heart, and the venous system

Question 3

Pulmonary circulation:

Answer 3

right side of heart → lungs → left side of heart

Question 4

Systemic circulation:

Answer 4

left side of heart → capillary beds of organs and tissues → right side of heart

Question 5

Epicardium

Answer 5

(external): visceral serous pericardium

Question 6

Myocardium(middle):

Answer 6

cardiac muscle layer

Question 7

Endocardium(internal):

Answer 7

continuous with endothelium of blood vessels connecting with the heart

Question 8

Conduction system of the heart

Answer 8

1. Electrical impulse starts at SA node - atria contract
2. Impulse travels to AV node at AV septum
3. Impulse travels down left and right bundles in the IV septum
4. Impulse spreads out to myocardium through conducting fibers - ventricles contract

Question 9

the arterial system

Answer 9

Each artery (and its branches) carries oxygenated blood to a territory

Question 10

Tunica intima(internal):

Answer 10

endothelium

Question 11

Tunica media(middle):

Answer 11

smooth muscles and elastic fibres

Question 12

Tunica adventitia(external):

Answer 12

connective tissue

Question 13

Sympathetic tone:

Answer 13

background, low level contraction of smooth muscle in arterioles

• Due to tonic production of action potentials to arterioles by sympathetic nerves

Question 14

Anastomoses

Answer 14

where arteries connect to each other without an intervening capillary network

Question 15

End artery:

Answer 15

the only arterial blood supply to a given area of the body

Question 16

infarction:

Answer 16

irreversible cell death due to hypoxia caused by loss of arterial bloody supply

Question 17

Left and right coronary arteries supply blood to

Answer 17

heart muscle

Question 18

Branches of the arch of the aorta supply blood to

Answer 18

the upper limbs and head

Question 19

Descending aorta supplies

Answer 19

thorax and abdomen

Question 20

Within the abdomen, the abdominal aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries that provide blood to

Answer 20

the pelvis and lower limbs

Question 21

Veins drain

Answer 21

deoxygenated blood from a territory

Question 22

Venous blood is ‘pumped’ back towards the heart by:

Answer 22

• Venous valves
• Skeletal muscle pump
• Accompanying veins

Question 23

Superficial veins:

Answer 23

smaller, run within the superficial fascia, drain into deep veins

Question 24

Deep veins:

Answer 24

larger, run deep to the deep fascia in cavities, often in neurovascular bundles

Question 25

Hepatic portal venous system:

Answer 25

drains venous blood from absorptive parts of the GI tract and associated organs for cleaning

Question 26

Systemic venous system: 

Answer 26

drains venous blood from all of the organs and tissues into the superior or inferior vena cavae

Question 27

Lymphatic capillaries

Answer 27

collect tissue fluid (lymph)

Question 28

Lymphatics carry lymph through

Answer 28

lymph nodes

Question 29

Eventually lymph is returned into

Answer 29

the central veins in the root of the neck

Question 30

Lymph from superficial lymphatics →

Answer 30

deep lymphatics

Question 31

Lymph from right lymphatic duct →

Answer 31

right venous angle

Question 32

Lymph from thoracic duct →

Answer 32

left venous angle