Blood and Circulation

Question 1

vena cava?

Answer 1

deoxygenated blood from body to right atrium

Question 2

right atrium

Answer 2

the right upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the venae cava

Question 3

tricuspid valve (atrioventricular valve)

Answer 3

valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Question 4

right ventricle

Answer 4

pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through pulmonary artery

Question 5

semi-lunar

Answer 5

valves that allow blood to leave the heart and not renter.

Question 6

pulmonary artery

Answer 6

Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 7

pulmonary vein

Answer 7

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 8

left atrium

Answer 8

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

Question 9

left ventricle

Answer 9

Pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta

Question 10

Aorta

Answer 10

Largest artery in the body that carries oxygenated blood around the body

Question 11

artery

Answer 11

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart without valves (usually O2 high)

Question 12

pressure inside artery

Answer 12

high - so thick walls

Question 13

vein

Answer 13

A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart with valves (usually O2 low)

Question 14

pressure inside vein

Answer 14

low - thin walls

Question 15

Capillaries

Answer 15

Microscopic vessel through which exchanges of materials take place between the blood and cells of the body

Question 16

Adaptations of capillaries.

Answer 16

• 1 cell thick
• lots of them = high SA

Question 17

what has valves veins or arteries?

Answer 17

veins

Question 18

components of blood

Answer 18

plasma(55%) and blood cells(45%)

Question 19

components of blood cells

Answer 19

red blood cells (70%), white blood cells (25%), platelets (5%)

Question 20

Role of white blood cells

Answer 20

fight infection

Question 21

scientific name for white blood cells

Answer 21

leukocytes

Question 22

types of white blood cells

Answer 22

phagocytes (75%) and lymphocytes (25%)

Question 23

What do phagocytes do?

Answer 23

engulf and destroy pathogens

Question 24

What do lymphocytes do?

Answer 24

produce antibodies

Question 25

components of plasma

Answer 25

Water (90%) and Dissolved substances (10%)

Question 26

what dissolved solutes?

Answer 26

proteins digestion products minerals waste products hormones

Question 27

Role of red blood cells

Answer 27

deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

Question 28

scientific name for red blood cells

Answer 28

erythrocyte

Question 29

roles of platelets

Answer 29

helps in blood clotting

Question 30

scientific name for platelets

Answer 30

thrombocytes

Question 31

how does blood clot?

Answer 31

chemical reaction turns fibrinogen (soluble) to fibrin (insoluble)

Question 32

coronary heart disease

Answer 32

Narrowing of the blood vessels depriving the heart O2 due to build-up of cholesterol

Question 33

what is a blood blockage called?

Answer 33

atherosclerosis

Question 34

angina

Answer 34

Pain in the heart region caused by lack of oxygen

Question 35

cardiac arrest

Answer 35

sudden, unexpected stoppage of heart action, due to malfunction in the electrical system

Question 36

treatments for CHD

Answer 36

stents or statins

Question 37

stent

Answer 37

wire-mesh tube used to keep arteries open

Question 38

statins

Answer 38

drugs used to lower cholesterol in the bloodstream and lower production of it in the liver

Question 39

Advantages of stents

Answer 39

Lower risk of heart attack; effective for a long time; quick recovery time

Question 40

disadvantages of stents

Answer 40

Risk of complications during the operation Risk of patients developing a blood clot near the stent

Question 41

why valve replacement?

Answer 41

- stiffens - develops a leak

Question 42

2 types of valve replacement

Answer 42

mechanical and biological

Question 43

Advantages of mechanical valves

Answer 43

- lasts long time (10 - 20) - no rejection

Question 44

disadvantages of mechanical valves

Answer 44

Patient has to be on blood thinning medication for the rest of their life to prevent blood clotting

Question 45

Advantages of biological valves

Answer 45

Patient doesn't have to be on blood thinners

Question 46

disadvantages of biological valves

Answer 46

Only last for about 15 years and the body might reject it

Question 47

why need a pacemaker?

Answer 47

Brady/Tachy cardia (slow/fast) or arrythmia (irregular)

Question 48

Advantages of pacemakers

Answer 48

- increases chances of survival - independence - no rejection

Question 49

disadvantages of pacemakers

Answer 49

- can malfunction - risk of puncturing lung - twiddler's syndrome

Question 50

2 types of heart transplants

Answer 50

Heart transplant (bio) or artificial heart