Flashcards in Blood And Lymph Deck (30)
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What's Lymphedema?
Accumulation of lymph in soft tissue, can be caused by a damaged lymphatic system (value).
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Nursing interventions for lymph edema?
Elevate extremity above heart level, limit sodium, no tight clothes, prevent infection, diuretics, emotional support. ( no blood draws and b/p on extremity)
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Idiopathic thrombocytopenia
Low platelet count for unknown reason.
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Nursing considerations of idiopathic thrombocytopenia.
Monitor signs of bleeding ( petechia, ecchymosis, nose/stool/vomit bleeds )
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Hodgkin's disease (enlargement of lymph nodes)
Cancer of lymphoid tissue
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Complications of Hodgkin's disease
Airway (hear strider) , fever, night sweats, weight loss
Tx: chemo and radiation
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Nursing care after a bone marrow biopsy
Pressure for 10min and monitor for hematoma, bleeding and edema
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Side effects of chemotherapy
Weight loss, nausea, vomiting, hair loss, anorexia, bone marrow depression - low WBC (infection) - low RBC (anemia) - low platelets (bleeding)
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Nursing care for irritated mouth
Stomatitis- oral car- mouth swabs and soft foods
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Interventions to help patient with fatigue
Problem for people with anemia and chemo.
Rest, short periods of activity and activity
Goal- increase activity
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S/S hemophilia
Bleeding, bruising, joint bleeds- hemoarthrosis- joint deformities- limited movement
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Hemophilia
Certain coagulation factor is missing -lack of factor 8
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Polycythemia
Too many red blood cells - thick blood - risk for blood clot (cause lack do o2)
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Nursing interventions for polycythemia
Hydration (3-6liters of water within 24hrs) and anticoagulants
*need hemocrite blood test or complete blood count
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S/S anemia
Fatigue, irritable, pale, SOB, activity intolerance,
*need hemoglobin, hemocrite, RBC test
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Nutrient deficiencies that causes anemia
Iron, B12 and folic acid
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What do you need to monitor during a blood transfusion
*Allergic reaction (itching, rash, hives)
If reaction occurs, stop transfusion and notify nurse and doctor.
*Monitor vitals before/during/after
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Leukemia
A lot of white blood cells but immature - risk for infection
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Nursing considerations for someone with leukemia
Reverse isolation, protect patient, hand washing and monitor for bleeding or infection
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Purpura
Purple spots under skin (bigger than petechia)
It's a hemorrhage in skin (mouth, brain, organs)
*from thrombocytopenia , hemophilia and any bleeding disorders
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Precautions taken with patient at risk for bleeding
No injections , avoid IM , if needed use SQ with small needle
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Pernicious anemia
(Large immature cells) lack of intrinsic factor in stomach lining - prevents absorption of B12
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Side effects of pernicious anemia
(Nervous system issues) numbness and tingling
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Sickle cell crisis (African Americans)
RBC has low o2 (abnormal hemoglobin)
Cells clump together -block blood flow
-sickles when have lack of o2 and hydration
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Treatment for sickle cell anemia
O2 , hydration and analgesics
(May have anemia)
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Nursing care after a splenectomy (enlargement of spleen)
Assess for bleeding, hematoma and infection.
*abdominal distention is a sign of internal bleeding.
*fever is common after splenectomy
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Multiple myeloma
Cancer of plasma cells in bone marrow
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S/S multiple myeloma
Headache, bone pain, pathological fractures, anemia, skeletal deformities
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Thrombophlebitis
Blood clot in vein (DVT)
Causes inflammation in vein (swollen, red, warm, shiny, tender)
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