blood and lymph

Question 1

Blood Composition:

Answer 1

plasma, red blood cells,
white blood cells, platelets; produced by the red
bone marrow.

Question 2

Plasma:

Answer 2

liquid part; 90% water, 10% nutrients
(glucose, fat, vitamins, minerals), waste: “CO2,
water vapor”, proteins, chemical messengers.

Question 3

Red Blood Cells:

Answer 3

carries oxygen to body cells; contains
hemoglobin (iron protein); lifespan 4 months; if blood bright red,
oxygen present, if blood dark red/brown, no oxygen present

Question 4

White Blood Cells =

Answer 4

Immune System

Question 5

White Blood Cells:

Answer 5

disease fighting cells; lifespan
months-years; specialized cells

Example:

Cells: alarm system (T-cells & B-cells)

Cells produce chemicals (antibodies) to fight invasion

Cells that attack the invaders

Question 6

Platelets:

Answer 6

clot blood;

produces fibrin protein

Question 7

Blood Type

Answer 7

: surface molecules found on
red blood cells

Question 8

Rh Factor:

Answer 8

also surface molecules found
on red blood cells

If Rh +, have Rh factor

If RH -, don’t have RH factor

Question 9

Blood Types:

Answer 9

A, B, AB, O; three allele types: A, B, O

Universal Receiver: AB

Universal Donor: O

Question 10

Transfusion:

Answer 10

transfer of blood from one
organism to another organism; if blood
clumps, clogs capillaries, results in death

Question 11

Lymphatic (Filtering) System:

Answer 11

cleans
and returns fluid to Circulatory System

Question 12

Lymph:

Answer 12

contains water, glucose, white
blood cells

Question 13

Lymph Nodes:

Answer 13

traps invaders
microorganisms (bacteria); node – “filter”

Question 14

Arteries:

Answer 14

blood flows away from the heart;

3 cell layers, thick walled, under high blood
pressure

Question 15

Veins:

Answer 15

blood flows towards the heart; Valves
prevent backflow due to low blood pressure;

3 cell layers, thin walled

Question 16

Capillaries:

Answer 16

connect arterioles to veinuoles;
The site of capillaries/tissues is where
nutrient/waste exchange by diffusion takes
place; 1 cell layer

Question 17

Capillary

Answer 17

(nutrient & waste)
Exchange with
Tissue (Body) Cells

Question 18

Pulse:

Answer 18

expansion and relaxation of the artery
wall

Question 19

Diffusion (osmosis):

Answer 19

movement of
molecules from an area of high concentration to
an area of low concentration (through
membrane).

Question 20

Blood Pressure:

Answer 20

caused by the contraction
of the heart’s ventricles. As blood moves away
from the heart, blood pressure decreases.

Question 21

how many cells does the body have

Answer 21

theHuman body consists of 30-60 trillion
body cells

Question 22

Respiratory System:

Answer 22

moves oxygen from
atmosphere to body cells; removes gaseous
waste (CO2 & water vapor)

Question 23

Respiration:

Answer 23

is the chemical reaction:

Sugar + oxygen → energy + CO2 + water vapor

Question 24

Breathing:

Answer 24

is the movement of air into and
out of the lungs.

Question 25

Nose:

Answer 25

air enters through nostrils

Question 26

Pharynx:

Answer 26

throat; shared with digestive system

Question 27

Larynx:

Answer 27

voice box; vocal cords

Question 28

Trachea:

Answer 28

windpipe; tube from pharynx to bronchus (lung)

Question 29

Epiglottis:

Answer 29

trachea (windpipe) flap during swallowing of food & liquids

Question 30

Bronchi:

Answer 30

tube branches within lungs

Question 31

Lung:

Answer 31

organ that transfers gases from the environment (atmosphere) into or out of the Circulatory System.

Question 32

Alveoli:

Answer 32

grapelike structures at end of bronchioles surrounded by capillaries. Excretory System’s Gas Waste Site of gas exchange (O2, CO2, H2Og) in, out, out

Question 33

Circulatory (Cardiovascular) System:

Answer 33

a tube (transport) system which carries nutrients to body cells and carries away waste. Blood moves through these tubes carrying nutrients and waste as well as contains cells that fight disease.

Question 34

Heart:

Answer 34

consists of four (4) chambers that pumps blood through out body

Question 35

Atria:

Answer 35

upper chambers that receives blood

Question 36

Ventricles:

Answer 36

lower chambers that pumps blood away from heart.

Question 37

RIGHT VENTRICLE:

Answer 37

pumps blood to LUNGS

Question 38

** LEFT VENTRICLE:

Answer 38

pumps blood to BODY (AORTA)

Question 39

Valve (veins):

Answer 39

prevents backflow (due to lower blood pressure)

Question 40

Pacemaker:

Answer 40

sends out electrical signal to heart; heart muscle contracts regularly.

Question 41

Blood Vessels Types:

Answer 41

Arteries: carries blood AWAY from heart Veins: carries blood to heart; has VALVES Capillaries: tiny thread-like vessels for nutrient & waste exchange between blood and body cells.

Question 42

Excretory System:

Answer 42

collects and removes waste; NO SHIT! I mean . . . YES, SHIT!

Question 43

solids -

Answer 43

rectum of Digestive System

Question 44

liquids -

Answer 44

kidneys of Urinary System

Question 45

gases -

Answer 45

lungs of Respiratory System.

Question 46

Urology:

Answer 46

the study of the urine and the genitourinary tract in health and disease.

Question 47

Proctology:

Answer 47

the branch of medicine concerned with the anus and rectum.

Question 48

Excretory Organs =

Answer 48

kidneys, lungs, skin ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 49

Kidneys:

Answer 49

organ which removes liquid waste from the blood; a “filter”; humans have 2 kidneys

Question 50

Urea:

Answer 50

breakdown of protein (yellow color)

Question 51

Ureter:

Answer 51

tube which connects from kidneys to urinary bladder.

Question 52

Urinary Bladder:

Answer 52

saclike muscular organ which stores urine.

Question 53

Urethra:

Answer 53

tube which connects urinary bladder to outside of body.

Question 54

Kidney:

Answer 54

contain many nephrons; Each nephron filters the blood. By the process of osmosis (diffusion), urea and some water is removed but sugar and much of the water is returned to the blood (reabsorption). The urine is then stored in the urinary bladder for future removal from the body.