Blood and Lymph System

Question 1

Erythrocyte

Answer 1

Another name for red blood cells, flattened biconcave disk, no nucleus, pale red color; transports oxygen and carbon dioxide between tissues and lungs

Question 2

Platelet

Answer 2

Another name for thrombocyte, membrane-bound cell fragments that are essential for clot formation during wound healing, originate in red bone marrow, no nucleus, fragments of cells, megakaryocytes
150,000-450,000 platelets/mm3

Question 3

Red Blood Cells

Answer 3

The most abundant cell in the blood

Question 4

Plasma

Answer 4

The liquid portion of blood

Question 5

Granulocytes

Answer 5

Neutrophils (50-70%), eosinophils (1-3%) and basophils (0-1%)- have a lobed nucleus and granules in the cytoplasm; Neutrophil or polymorphonuclear leukocyte is the most numerous form of leukocytes

Question 6

Polycythemia

Answer 6

A type of blood cancer. It causes your bone marrow to make too many red blood cells.

Question 7

Leukopenia

Answer 7

Decrease in WBC

Question 8

Leukocytosis

Answer 8

Increase in WBC

Question 9

Hemophilia

Answer 9

An inherited disorder characterized by a deficiency in some clotting factors

Question 10

Von Willebrand Disease

Answer 10

A lifelong bleeding disorder in which your blood doesn’t clot properly. People with the disease have low levels of von Willebrand factor, a protein that helps blood clot, or the protein doesn’t perform as it should.

Question 11

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Answer 11

Excessive clotting occurs in vivo causing the clotting factors to be used up faster than they can be produced- results in death.

Question 12

Myelogenous Leukemia

Answer 12

A disease in which the bone marrow makes too many white blood cells. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (also called CML or chronic granulocytic leukemia) is a slowly progressing blood and bone marrow disease that usually occurs during or after middle age, and rarely occurs in children.

Question 13

Lymphocytic Leukemia

Answer 13

A type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (also called CLL) is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow that usually gets worse slowly. CLL is one of the most common types of leukemia in adults.

Question 14

Hemorrhagic Anemia

Answer 14

A disorder in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be made. The destruction of red blood cells is called hemolysis. Red blood cells carry oxygen to all parts of your body. If you have a lower than normal amount of red blood cells, you have anemia.

Question 15

Hemolytic Anemia

Answer 15

A disorder in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be made. The destruction of red blood cells is called hemolysis. Red blood cells carry oxygen to all parts of your body. If you have a lower than normal amount of red blood cells, you have anemia.

Question 16

Iron-deficiency Anemia

Answer 16

Occurs when your body doesn’t have enough iron to produce hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the part of red blood cells that gives blood its red color and enables the red blood cells to carry oxygenated blood throughout your body.

Question 17

Pernicious Anemia

Answer 17

The body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues. There are many types of anemia. Pernicious anemia is a decrease in red blood cells that occurs when the intestines cannot properly absorb vitamin B12.

Question 18

Thalassemia

Answer 18

An inherited blood disorder that causes your body to have less hemoglobin than normal. Hemoglobin enables red blood cells to carry oxygen. Thalassemia can cause anemia, leaving you fatigued. If you have mild thalassemia, you might not need treatment.

Question 19

Aplastic Anemia

Answer 19

A condition that occurs when your body stops producing enough new blood cells. The condition leaves you fatigued and more prone to infections and uncontrolled bleeding. A rare and serious condition, aplastic anemia can develop at any age

Question 20

Neutrophils

Answer 20

Nuclear lobes increase in number with age, pale lilac granules, phagocytic against bacteria, release cytotoxic chemical from granules, most common leukocyte

Question 21

Lymphocytes

Answer 21

Spherical cells with a single large nucleus-involved with specific immunity, T-cells attack other cells, B-cells release antibodies (humoral immunity), natural killer cells are similar to T-cells but nonspecific

Question 22

Monocytes

Answer 22

WBC- Largest leukocyte, horseshoe shaped nucleus, phagocytic cell engulfing pathogens or worn out cells, produced in the red bone marrow

Question 23

Eosinophils

Answer 23

WBC-two-lobed nucleus, phagocytic cell effective against antigen-antibody complexes, releases antihistamines, increased in allergies or parasitic infections

Question 24

Basophils

Answer 24

WBC- 2 lobes nucleus hard to see presence of dark purple granules, promotes inflammation, least common leukocyte

Question 25

Hemostasis

Answer 25

prevents blood loss when blood vessels rupture by vasoconstriction, formation of platelet plug and a fibrin clot

Question 26

Hemopoiesis

Answer 26

replacement of blood

Question 27

Negative Feedback of Erythrocytes (RBCs)

Answer 27

A decrease oxygen concentration, kidneys produce erythropoietin, red bone marrow increases RBC production. A increase in oxygen concentration, kidneys decrease the production of erythropoietin, red bone marrow decreases RBC production.

Question 28

Hemoglobin

Answer 28

The substance that carries most of the oxygen in the blood, made up of 2 alpha subunits and 2 beta subunits. Each subunit surrounds a central heme group that contains iron, which binds an oxygen molecule. Each hemoglobin molecule can bind 4 oxygen molecules. Arterial blood is bright red (oxygenated) and venous blood is dark red (deoxygenated)

Question 29

Emigration

Answer 29

to remove or removal; "Leukocytes emigrate to the site of injury"

Question 30

Diapedesis

Answer 30

dia=through, pedan-to leap; another term for emigration

Question 31

Blood Type Compatibility in an Emergency

Answer 31

Type O is the universal donor, Type AB is universal recipient

Question 32

Rh factor (D antigen)

Answer 32

The blood antigen involved in hemolytic disease of newborn, which is from blood incompatibility between mother and fetus

Question 33

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Answer 33

or Hemolytic Disease of Newborn (HDN), which is from blood incompatibility between mother and fetus

Question 34

RhoGAM

Answer 34

Special gamma globulin to prevent Rh incompatibility

Question 35

Hemolytic Disease of Newborn (HDN)

Answer 35

or Erythroblastosis fetalis, which is from blood incompatibility between mother and fetus

Question 36

Hemapheresis

Answer 36

keep desired elements and return remainder to donor

Question 37

Plasmapheresis

Answer 37

keep plasma and return formed elements to donor

Question 38

Anemia

Answer 38

A disease resulting in insufficient red blood cell production

Question 39

Leukemia

Answer 39

A maligant blood disease characterized by abnormal development of White Blood Cells

Question 40

Hemocrit

Answer 40

volume (mls) of red blood cells per 100 mls of whole blood mls/mls x 100 = % Normal Range Men 42-54% Women 36-46%

Question 41

Hemoglobin Tests

Answer 41

Grams of hemoglobin per 100ml of whole blood Performed by Electrophoresis Normal range Men 14-17g Women 12-15g

Question 42

Leukocyte

Answer 42

White Blood Cells

Question 43

Serum

Answer 43

The watery fluid that remains after a blood clot.

Question 44

Fibrinogen

Answer 44

A plasma protein that is activated to form a blood clot

Question 45

Hemorrage

Answer 45

Profuse bleeding

Question 46

Autologous

Answer 46

Blood donated by an individual for use by the same individual

Question 47

Percentage of Blood cells in whole blood

Answer 47

45%

Question 48

Erythropoetin

Answer 48

A hormone that stimulates red blood cell production

Question 49

Blood Cell Counts

Answer 49

RBC (4.5-5.5 million per microliter), WBC (5000-10000 cells/microliter), Platelets (150000-450000 platelets/microliter)

Question 50

Blood Slide (Smear)

Answer 50

Complete Blood Count (CBC)- performed on a drop-stained blood slide, Red cells, platelets examined, parasite can be found, differential white count performed (increased neutrophils-bacterial infection, increased lymphocytes-viral infection, increased eosinophiles-allergic reaction)

Question 51

Coagulation Studies

Answer 51

Performed before surgery and during treatment of certain diseases (Amount of clotting factors, bleeding time, clotting time, capillary strength and platelet function)

Question 52

Bone Marrow Biopsy

Answer 52

Sample of red marrow through a needle from sternum, sacrum or iliac crest. Used to diagnose bone marrow disorders such as Leukemia and anemia.

Question 53

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 53

A deficiency in the number of platelets

Question 54

Transport Oxygen

Answer 54

The function of Red Blood Cells

Question 55

Defense cell

Answer 55

Function of White blood Cells

Question 56

Transfusion

Answer 56

The administration of blood or blood components from one person to another person

Question 57

Physical Barrier Defenses

Answer 57

Skin (barrier unless broken) and Mucous membranes (trap and expel)

Question 58

Innate Immune response

Answer 58

Genetically determined

Question 59

Adaptive immune response

Answer 59

Passive (ready made antibodies given- gamma globulin /breastfeeding) and Active (own immune system produced antibodies- artificial/vaccines or natural exposure to antigens)

Question 60

Lymph System

Answer 60

Subsystem of the cardiovascular system. Consists of lymphatic vessels, lymph and lymphatic tissue.

Question 61

Lymphatic capillaries

Answer 61

in capillary beds which anastomose form vast networks in the intercellular spaces and constitute the beginning of the lymphatic drainage system. Absent in CNS, meninges, eyeball, internal ear, cartilage and epidermis.

Question 62

B lymphocyte

Answer 62

A lymphocyte that Generates diverse antibodies

Question 63

T lymphocyte

Answer 63

A lymphocyte that Secretes chemical messengers

Question 64

Plasma cell

Answer 64

A lymphocyte that Secretes antibodies

Question 65

NK cell

Answer 65

A lymphocyte that Destroys virally infected cells

Question 66

Primary lymphoid organs

Answer 66

bone marrow, spleen, and thymus gland (T cells).The lymphoid organs are where lymphocytes mature, proliferate, and are selected, which enables them to attack pathogens without harming the cells of the body.

Question 67

Spleen

Answer 67

The organ that filters blood; destroys worn our RBCs; produces RBCs before birth; extracts iron from hemoglobin compound, stores it and releases it back into the system; phagocytosis

Question 68

Clotting

Answer 68

The function of platelets

Question 69

Chemical Barrier Defenses

Answer 69

Gastric Juice (acidic pH), Skin (salty sweat & acidic pH),Tears (lysozyme), Saliva (alkaline pH and lysozyme)

Question 70

Blood

Answer 70

Important in maintaining homeostasis, classified as connective tissue, 8% of total body weight

Question 71

Formed Elements

Answer 71

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes and Thrombocytes

Question 72

Agranulocytes

Answer 72

Lymphocytes (20-40%) and Monocytes (2-8%): Nucleus is not lobed and the cytoplasm does not have granules

Question 73

Thymus

Answer 73

Processes the mature T-lymphocytes, secretion of thymosin which then stimulates other lymphoid tissues to produce T-lymphocytes.