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Human Body in Health and Disease and Basic Anatomy > Integumentary (Skin) System > Flashcards

Integumentary (Skin) System Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

The functions of the skin

A

Protection from infection and dehydration, Temperature regulation and Sensory perception

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2
Q

Two major layers of the skin

A

Epidermis and Dermis

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3
Q

Epidermis

A

The outermost layer consisting of sheets of epithelial cells. Epidermis contains MELANIN but no nerves or blood vessels. STRATUM CORNEUM-layer that propels water and consists of dead skin cells that are shed, STRATUM GRANULOSUM-keratin produced here, main protein of skin, prevents water loss. STRATUM SPINOSUM-provides strength and flexibility of the skin STATUM BASALE-deepest layer of the epidermis

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4
Q

Is the skin an organ?

A

Yes, because it contains glands, blood vessels, nerves, a layer of tissue which covers the body and subcutaneous layer that connects the skin to surface muscles which all work together.

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5
Q

Dermis

A

A dense network of fibrous and elastic connective tissue. The Dermis contains blood vessels, nerve endings (5 SENSORY), glands and hair follicles.

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6
Q

What are the 5 Sensory nerve endings found in the Dermis

A

Pain, Touch, Temperature (Hot and Cold), Pressure

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7
Q

Subcutaneous tissue

A

A layer consisting of fatty (adipose) tissue that serves as insulation, a storage site for energy and connects the skin to the surface muscles. HYPODERMIS

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8
Q

What two glands are found in the skin?

A

Sudoriferous and Sebaceous

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9
Q

Sudoriferous Glands

A

Are coiled, tube-like structures that open at a pore on the skins surface. Located in the Dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Function is to regulate body temperature. ECCRINE GLANDS-skin, palms and soles of feet APOCRINE GLANDS-hair follicles

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10
Q

Sites of Sudoriferous Glands or Modified Sudoriferous Glands

A

Armpits, Groin, Ear, Mammary glands

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11
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A

Sac-like structures found in the DERMIS. Have ducts that open into hair follicles that secrete SEBUM, which lubricates the skin and hair.

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12
Q

Hair Follicle

A

A tiny pocket located in the DERMIS from which the hair grows. The root of the hair is at the base of the follicle which has a blood supply.

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13
Q

Hard Keratin

A

A protein found in the hair and hails. Hard keratin is chemically different and need to be cut.

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14
Q

Soft Keratin

A

Covers the surface of the epidermis and sloughs off.

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15
Q

Melanin

A

A black colored pigment found in the epidermis

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16
Q

Ceruminous Gland

A

A Sudoriferous gland found in the ear the secretes ear wax called CERUMEN.

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17
Q

Hair

A

Made of hard keratin and modified dead epidermal tissue

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18
Q

Sebum

A

An oily substance that functions to lubricate the skin and hair, prevents drying

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19
Q

Skin sensation not lost to anesthesia

A

Pressure

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20
Q

Effects of medications on skin

A

dry skin, pigmentation, rashes, hives, lesions, peeling, blistering, burning, stinging, fever and chills

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21
Q

Melanocytes

A

Melanin is produced in the melanocytes located in the epidermis. Melanocytes are located within the STRATUM BASALE of the epidermis.

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22
Q

Blood vessels respond to heat

A

Blood vessels dilate

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23
Q

Blood vessels respond to cold

A

Blood vessels constrict

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24
Q

Pallor

A

(Pale) caused by poor circulation

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25
Anemia
(Anemic) Due to the lack of RBCs or hemoglobin or both. Low iron?
26
Jaudice
Due to the accumulation of bile in the bloodstream which si then deposited into the tissue fluid
27
Cyanosis
Due to the lack of oxygen in the bloodstream
28
Albino
Absent of pigmentation in the skin, hair, eyes. ALBINISM is a congenital disorder which occurs because of the lack of the pigment MELANIN.
29
Freckles
Extra patches of coloring (or pigment MELANIN) under your skin. Doctors call them ephelides.
30
Alopecia
Baldness
31
Antipyretic
Used to control fever
32
Pathogen
A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.
33
Erythema
Redness
34
Normal Bacterial flora
A diverse microbial flora is associated with the skin and mucous membranes of every human being from shortly after birth until death
35
Fever
An abnormal rise of body temperature, occurs most often in the presence of infection and is a normal body reaction. LOW GRADE= 100.4 F/38 C , MODERATE FEVER 102.2 F/39 C and HIGH FEVER 104 F/40C
36
Phagocytosis
The process by which certain body cells such as WBCs, surround, engulf and digest bacteria and other foreign bodies.
37
Most effective method of preventing the spread of disease
Medical asepsis, handwashing, hygiene
38
Chronic disease that cause abnormal changes in nail development
Heart Disease, Diabetes, Malnutrition, Anemia
39
Skin Pigments
Melanin, Carotene
40
Carcinogenic
Constant over exposure to suns rays can create abnormal skin cells
41
Basal Condition
When the body is at rest
42
Sunburn
Results from the over exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays. erythema (redness), swelling, skin tenderness and blisters.
43
Acne
A disorder of the sebaceous glands. Acne vulgaris often affects adolescence. The infection of the oil glands characterized by formation of pimples and blackheads.
44
Impetigo
An acute contagious skin disease caused by Staphylococci or Streptococci may be extremely serious in infants and young children.
45
Melanoma
A malignant growth of epithelial cells, a form of cancer. Consistent exposure to the sun may result in skin cancer.
46
Athlete's Foot
A disorder of the toes and feet. Caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Lesions have scaling borders and cause the layers of skin to peel.
47
Shingles
A viral infection due to the reactivation of chicken pox infection (varicella zoster virus). Vesicular lesions are produced usually at the sites along the nerves.
48
Decubitus ulcers
Bedsores, areas of necrotic (dead) skin and ulcerations of the subcutaneous tissue
49
Burns
FIRST DEGREE-Superficial SECOND DEGREE- Superficial Partial Thickness/Deep Partial thickness THIRD DEGREE- Full Thickness
50
Cuticle
Thin layer of dead cells that form a seal between the nail plate and the nail root.
51
Nail Root
Germinal matrix that has a white crescent area known as the LUNULA, produces the volume of the nail
52
Keratinocytes
Growing layer of skin cells
53
Nail plate
Actual fingernail, composed of hard keratin
54
Arrector pili
A muscle attached to the hair follicle that raises the hair
55
Cicatrix
Scar
56
Exfoliation
Loss of cells from the surface of tissue
57
Follicle
A sac or cavity
58
Keloid
A mass or raised area that results from excessive production of scar tissue
59
Scar
Fibrous connective tissue that replaces normal tissue
60
Lesion
Wound or injury
61
Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
Non contagious can have signs and symptoms of Erythema (redness), Vesicles (blisters), Papules (pimples) and crusting of the skin. Caused by irritants (soaps, detergents, fabrics) or Allergies (Antibiotics, plants, metals)
62
Bile Pigments
A yellow colored pigment results from Bile production in the liver
63
Carotene (pigment)
A pigment related to Vitamin A and stored in fatty tissue
64
Hemoglobin
A pigment that carries oxygen in the blood
65
Pustule
A surface lesion. Vesicle filled with pus. Pimples
66
Macule
A surface lesion. Flat spot. Age or liver spots
67
Papule
A surface type lesion. Raised area. Hives
68
Vesicle
A surface type lesion. Blister sac. Blisters
69
Ulcer
A deeper lesion. Sore or a hole.
70
Fissures
A deeper leasion. Cut.
71
Rule of Nines for Burns
Head/Neck 9%, Upper limbs 9%, Trunk 36%, Genitalia 1%, Lower limbs 18%
72
Vitiligo
Depigmentation of skin
73
Psoriasis
Chronic , recurrent overgrowth of epidermis
74
Viral Infections of the skin
Herpes, Human papillomavirus (HPV)-warts, Herpes Zoster virus- Shingles
75
Fungal Infections
Tinea or Ringworm
76
Allergy and Immune disorders of the skin
Hives, pemphigus (separation of epidermal skin), lupus erythematous, scleroderma

Human Body in Health and Disease and Basic Anatomy (13 decks)

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