Blood & Blood Products (ASAN002/15)

Question 1

Aim of Blood Transfusion:

Answer 1

To ↑ the O² carrying capacity of the blood due to ↓ in circulating RBC’s, which contain haemoglobin that carries O² to the body.

Question 2

Blood & Blood Products:

Answer 2

Blood & Blood Products available:\nFresh whole blood\nStored whole blood\nPacked RBC’s\nFresh frozen plasma\nFrozen plazma\nPlatelet–rich plasma\nCryoprecipitate

Question 3

Commonly used Blood Products:

Answer 3

Fresh whole blood (FWB)\nStored whole blood (SWB)\nPacked RBC’s\nFresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)\nFrozen Plasma (FP)

Question 4

Fresh Whole Blood (FWB)

Answer 4

Collected immediately prior to transfusion (preferably).

Question 5

FWB – Units:

Answer 5

A ‘unit’ of blood refers to the standard measure of blood for a species.\nCanine unit = ∽500mls\nFeline unit = ∽50–60mls

Question 6

FWB Contains:

Answer 6

RBC’s\nWBC’s\nClotting factors\nPlatelets

Question 7

FWB Dose:

Answer 7

2.2ml/kg will ↑ PCV by 1% (‘rule of thumb’)\nCorrect dose calculations are also available (later in notes)

Question 8

FWB Time:

Answer 8

Use ASAP – preferably within 4hrs\nDo not refrigerate

Question 9

FWB Use:

Answer 9

Replacement of RBC, platelets & clotting factors.

Question 10

Stored Whole Blood (SWB)

Answer 10

Blood used <8hrs after collection, or stored once collected.

Question 11

SWB Contains:

Answer 11

RBC’s\nWBC’s\nPlasma proteins

Question 12

SWB Dose:

Answer 12

2.2ml/kg will ↑ PCV by 1% (‘rule of thumb’)\nCorrect dose calculations are also available (later in notes)

Question 13

SWB Storage:

Answer 13

Store at 1 – 6 ℃\nWill last 28 – 35 days (in appropriate blood collection bags, e.g. CPDA–1)\nAgitate daily

Question 14

SWB Use:

Answer 14

Replacement of RBC’s\nVolume replacement

Question 15

Packed Red Blood Cells

Answer 15

Whole blood is centrifuged & separated into plasma & RBC’s following collection.

Question 16

Packed RBC’s Contains:

Answer 16

RBC’s only\nOften diluted with sterile NaCl prior to transfusion.

Question 17

Packed RBC’s Dose:

Answer 17

2.0ml/kg will ↑ PCV by 2% (‘rule of thumb’)\nCorrect dose calculations are also available (later in notes)

Question 18

Packed RBC’s Storage:

Answer 18

Store at 1 – 6 ℃\n28 – 35 days\nAgitate daily

Question 19

Packed RBC’s Use:

Answer 19

Replacement of RBC’s\nVolume replacement

Question 20

Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

Answer 20

Plasma that is frozen within 6hrs of collection.

Question 21

FFP Contains:

Answer 21

Clotting factors\nVitamin K factors\nPlasma proteins

Question 22

FFP Dose:

Answer 22

45ml/kg will increase albumin by ∽ 1g/dl

Question 23

FFP Storage:

Answer 23

Store at –20 to – 30℃\nRemain viable for 1yr

Question 24

FFP Use:

Answer 24

Replacement clotting factors\nReplacement of plasma proteins (hypoproteinaemia)

Question 25

Frozen Plasma (FP)

Answer 25

Plasma that is frozen 6– 8 hrs post collection, or frozen for over 1yr.

Question 26

FP Contains:

Answer 26

Plasma protiens\nVitamin K factors

Question 27

FP Storage:

Answer 27

Store at –20 to – 30℃\nViable for 4 yrs

Question 28

FP Use:

Answer 28

Replacement of plasma proteins\nVitamin K factors

Question 29

Other Blood Products

Answer 29

Platelet–rich Plasma & Platelet Concentrate\nCryoprecipitate

Question 30

Platelet–rich Plasma & Platelet Concentrate

Answer 30

Is harvested by centrifuging FWB at a slower rate than that used for the production of packed RBC’s & plasma.\nBlood needs to be centrifuged at room temperature – refrigeration causes platelet dysfunction.

Question 31

Platelet–rich Plasma Contains:

Answer 31

Platelets\nCoagulation factors\nPlasma proteins

Question 32

Platelet–rich Plasma Storage:

Answer 32

Difficult to store\nShort life span\nUse within 48hrs if kept at room temp & protected from light.

Question 33

Cryoprecipitate

Answer 33

Prepared by using 1 unit FFP & a triple bag collection system.\nCryoprecipitate is the cold, insoluble portion of plasma that forms after FFP has been thawed slowly in the refrigerator over 12 – 16hrs.\nIt’s separation & collection is quite complex.

Question 34

Cryoprecipitate Contains:

Answer 34

Von Willebrand Factor\nFibrinogen\nFactor VIII

Question 35

Cryoprecipitate Uses:

Answer 35

Mainly used to treat von Willebrand’s disease.