Fluid Additives (ASAN002/9)

Question 1

If Lactated Ringer’s is used solely for maint. needs & no other source of water is available…

Answer 1

Patients may develop: \n\nHypernatremia (↑ plasma sodium), or\nHypokalemia (↓ plasma potassium)

Question 2

Maintenance fluids – Commercially made:

Answer 2

Plasmalyte 56\nNormosol M

Question 3

Maintenance fluids – ‘Homemade’:

Answer 3

Mix:\n1 – 2 parts D5W (5% Dextrose in water)\n1 part Hartmann’s (Lactated Ringer’s)\nAdd potassium chloride to bring concentration up to 13 – 20 mmol/L.

Question 4

Potassium Supplementation

Answer 4

Potassium chloride (KCl) might be added to fluids when serum potassium levels are known to be low (hypokalaemia).

Question 5

Hypokalaemia may be expected in cases of…

Answer 5

Fluid loss due to:\ngastrointestinal loss\ndiureseis\nanorexia

Question 6

Based on the amount of body fluid losses, body potassium depletion is described as:

Answer 6

mild\nmoderate\nsevere

Question 7

Fluids should be supplemented with specific amt of potassium depending on level of body potassium depletion:

Answer 7

mild – 20 mmol/L\nmoderate – 30 mmol/L\nsevere – 40 mmol/L

Question 8

Potassium rate of administration:

Answer 8

No faster than 0.5 mmol/kg/hr

Question 9

Heart rate must be monitored closely when giving potassium supplementation.

Answer 9

High potassium levels interfere with heart muscle contractions.

Question 10

What happens when biocarbonate, insulin or glucose is given without accompanying admin of KCl?

Answer 10

Severe hypokalaemia can occur.\nDue to the shift of potassium from ECF into the cells.

Question 11

IMAGE – Suggested K+ Supplementation

Answer 11

https://images.cram.com/images/upload-flashcard/64/03/47/34640347_m.jpg